Skip to main content
PMC home page
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1986 Oct;6(10):3388–3396. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.10.3388

5'-flanking sequence required for regulated expression of a muscle-specific Drosophila melanogaster actin gene.

P K Geyer, E A Fyrberg
PMCID: PMC367085  PMID: 3025590

Abstract

We have functionally tested derivatives of a muscle-specific Drosophila melanogaster actin gene in which 5'-flanking sequences have been deleted or rearranged. From our results we conclude that approximately 1,000 nucleotides of 5'-flanking sequence are required for wild-type levels of mRNA accumulation during flight muscle development. Derivatives having 875 or 865 nucleotides of upstream sequence could be expressed normally, but were prone to influence by flanking foreign DNA sequences. Derivatives retaining 600 or fewer nucleotides of flanking DNA did not direct detectable levels of mRNA accumulation. The sequence residing between -919 and -640 could be inverted and yet retain normal function. Deletion of this sequence reduced mRNA accumulation markedly, but did not affect its spatial localization, suggesting that elements which confer tissue specificity reside close to the point of transcription initiation.

Full text

PDF
3388

Images in this article

3391Image
on p.3391
3392Image
on p.3392
3393Image
on p.3393
3394Image
on p.3394
3394Image
on p.3394

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aviv H., Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Banerji J., Olson L., Schaffner W. A lymphocyte-specific cellular enhancer is located downstream of the joining region in immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):729–740. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90015-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Banerji J., Rusconi S., Schaffner W. Expression of a beta-globin gene is enhanced by remote SV40 DNA sequences. Cell. 1981 Dec;27(2 Pt 1):299–308. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90413-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Beadle G. W., Ephrussi B. The Differentiation of Eye Pigments in Drosophila as Studied by Transplantation. Genetics. 1936 May;21(3):225–247. doi: 10.1093/genetics/21.3.225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bourouis M., Richards G. Remote regulatory sequences of the Drosophila glue gene sgs3 as revealed by P-element transformation. Cell. 1985 Feb;40(2):349–357. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90149-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fyrberg E. A., Mahaffey J. W., Bond B. J., Davidson N. Transcripts of the six Drosophila actin genes accumulate in a stage- and tissue-specific manner. Cell. 1983 May;33(1):115–123. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90340-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Heberlein U., England B., Tjian R. Characterization of Drosophila transcription factors that activate the tandem promoters of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene. Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):965–977. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80077-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hiromi Y., Hotta Y. Actin gene mutations in Drosophila; heat shock activation in the indirect flight muscles. EMBO J. 1985 Jul;4(7):1681–1687. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03837.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hiromi Y., Okamoto H., Gehring W. J., Hotta Y. Germline transformation with Drosophila mutant actin genes induces constitutive expression of heat shock genes. Cell. 1986 Jan 31;44(2):293–301. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90763-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Holmgren R., Corces V., Morimoto R., Blackman R., Meselson M. Sequence homologies in the 5' regions of four Drosophila heat-shock genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jun;78(6):3775–3778. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3775. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Karess R. E., Rubin G. M. Analysis of P transposable element functions in Drosophila. Cell. 1984 Aug;38(1):135–146. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90534-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Karlik C. C., Coutu M. D., Fyrberg E. A. A nonsense mutation within the act88F actin gene disrupts myofibril formation in Drosophila indirect flight muscles. Cell. 1984 Oct;38(3):711–719. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90266-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Levis R., Hazelrigg T., Rubin G. M. Separable cis-acting control elements for expression of the white gene of Drosophila. EMBO J. 1985 Dec 16;4(13A):3489–3499. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04108.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mahaffey J. W., Coutu M. D., Fyrberg E. A., Inwood W. The flightless Drosophila mutant raised has two distinct genetic lesions affecting accumulation of myofibrillar proteins in flight muscles. Cell. 1985 Jan;40(1):101–110. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90313-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Okamoto H., Hiromi Y., Ishikawa E., Yamada T., Isoda K., Maekawa H., Hotta Y. Molecular characterization of mutant actin genes which induce heat-shock proteins in Drosophila flight muscles. EMBO J. 1986 Mar;5(3):589–596. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04251.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Picard D. Viral and cellular transcription enhancers. Oxf Surv Eukaryot Genes. 1985;2:24–48. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Pirrotta V., Steller H., Bozzetti M. P. Multiple upstream regulatory elements control the expression of the Drosophila white gene. EMBO J. 1985 Dec 16;4(13A):3501–3508. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04109.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rubin G. M., Spradling A. C. Vectors for P element-mediated gene transfer in Drosophila. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Sep 24;11(18):6341–6351. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.18.6341. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sanchez F., Tobin S. L., Rdest U., Zulauf E., McCarthy B. J. Two Drosophila actin genes in detail. Gene structure, protein structure and transcription during development. J Mol Biol. 1983 Feb 5;163(4):533–551. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(83)90111-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Snyder M., Hunkapiller M., Yuen D., Silvert D., Fristrom J., Davidson N. Cuticle protein genes of Drosophila: structure, organization and evolution of four clustered genes. Cell. 1982 Jul;29(3):1027–1040. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90466-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Spradling A. C., Mahowald A. P. Identification and genetic localization of mRNAs from ovarian follicle cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Cell. 1979 Mar;16(3):589–598. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90032-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Spradling A. C., Rubin G. M. The effect of chromosomal position on the expression of the Drosophila xanthine dehydrogenase gene. Cell. 1983 Aug;34(1):47–57. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90135-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Spradling A. C., Rubin G. M. Transposition of cloned P elements into Drosophila germ line chromosomes. Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):341–347. doi: 10.1126/science.6289435. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES