Abstract
We describe the isolation of a 22.6-kilobase fragment of DNA containing the MAL1 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results demonstrate that the MAL1 locus, like the MAL6 locus, is a complex locus containing three genes. These genes were organized similarly to their MAL6 counterparts. We refer to them as MAL11, MAL12, and MAL13 and show that they are functionally homologous to the MAL61 (encoding maltose permease), MAL62 (encoding maltase), and MAL63 (encoding the positive regulator) genes of the MAL6 locus. Transcription from each of the three genes was analyzed in a strain carrying the undisrupted MAL1 locus and in strains carrying single disruptions in each of the MAL1 genes. The MAL1 and MAL1 loci were found to be highly sequence homologous and conserved throughout the region containing these three genes. The strain used to isolate the MAL1 locus also carried the tightly linked SUC1 gene. The SUC1 gene was found to be located on the same 22.6-kilobase fragment containing the MAL1 locus and 5 kilobases from the 3' end of the MAL12 gene. The meaning of these results with regard to the mechanism of regulation of maltose fermentation is discussed.
Full text
PDF








Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Barnett J. A. The utilization of sugars by yeasts. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem. 1976;32:125–234. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2318(08)60337-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benton W. D., Davis R. W. Screening lambdagt recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques in situ. Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):180–182. doi: 10.1126/science.322279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blattner F. R., Williams B. G., Blechl A. E., Denniston-Thompson K., Faber H. E., Furlong L., Grunwald D. J., Kiefer D. O., Moore D. D., Schumm J. W. Charon phages: safer derivatives of bacteriophage lambda for DNA cloning. Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):161–169. doi: 10.1126/science.847462. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carlson M., Botstein D. Two differentially regulated mRNAs with different 5' ends encode secreted with intracellular forms of yeast invertase. Cell. 1982 Jan;28(1):145–154. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90384-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carlson M., Celenza J. L., Eng F. J. Evolution of the dispersed SUC gene family of Saccharomyces by rearrangements of chromosome telomeres. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Nov;5(11):2894–2902. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.11.2894. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Celenza J. L., Carlson M. Rearrangement of the genetic map of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 1985 Apr;109(4):661–664. doi: 10.1093/genetics/109.4.661. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chow T., Goldenthal M. J., Cohen J. D., Hegde M., Marmur J. Identification and physical characterization of yeast maltase structural genes. Mol Gen Genet. 1983;191(3):366–371. doi: 10.1007/BF00425747. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohen J. D., Goldenthal M. J., Buchferer B., Marmur J. Mutational analysis of the MAL1 locus of Saccharomyces: identification and functional characterization of three genes. Mol Gen Genet. 1984;196(2):208–216. doi: 10.1007/BF00328052. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohen J. D., Goldenthal M. J., Chow T., Buchferer B., Marmur J. Organization of the MAL loci of Saccharomyces. Physical identification and functional characterization of three genes at the MAL6 locus. Mol Gen Genet. 1985;200(1):1–8. doi: 10.1007/BF00383304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dubin R. A., Needleman R. B., Gossett D., Michels C. A. Identification of the structural gene encoding maltase within the MAL6 locus of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. J Bacteriol. 1985 Nov;164(2):605–610. doi: 10.1128/jb.164.2.605-610.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dubin R. A., Perkins E. L., Needleman R. B., Michels C. A. Identification of a second trans-acting gene controlling maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Aug;6(8):2757–2765. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.8.2757. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Enquist L., Sternberg N. In vitro packaging of lambda Dam vectors and their use in cloning DNA fragments. Methods Enzymol. 1979;68:281–298. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)68020-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Federoff H. J., Cohen J. D., Eccleshall T. R., Needleman R. B., Buchferer B. A., Giacalone J., Marmur J. Isolation of a maltase structural gene from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. J Bacteriol. 1982 Mar;149(3):1064–1070. doi: 10.1128/jb.149.3.1064-1070.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ito H., Fukuda Y., Murata K., Kimura A. Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):163–168. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.1.163-168.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Michels C. A., Needleman R. B. The dispersed, repeated family of MAL loci in Saccharomyces spp. J Bacteriol. 1984 Mar;157(3):949–952. doi: 10.1128/jb.157.3.949-952.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mortimer R. K., Hawthorne D. C. Genetic mapping in Saccharomyces. Genetics. 1966 Jan;53(1):165–173. doi: 10.1093/genetics/53.1.165. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mortimer R. K., Schild D. Genetic map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Rev. 1980 Dec;44(4):519–571. doi: 10.1128/mr.44.4.519-571.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Needleman R. B., Kaback D. B., Dubin R. A., Perkins E. L., Rosenberg N. G., Sutherland K. A., Forrest D. B., Michels C. A. MAL6 of Saccharomyces: a complex genetic locus containing three genes required for maltose fermentation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 May;81(9):2811–2815. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.9.2811. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Needleman R. B., Michels C. Repeated family of genes controlling maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 May;3(5):796–802. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.5.796. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ng R., Abelson J. Isolation and sequence of the gene for actin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3912–3916. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3912. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Orr-Weaver T. L., Szostak J. W., Rothstein R. J. Genetic applications of yeast transformation with linear and gapped plasmids. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:228–245. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01017-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ouwehand J., van Wijk R. Regulation of maltase and -methylglucosidase synthesis in genetically defined strains of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Mol Gen Genet. 1972;117(1):30–38. doi: 10.1007/BF00268834. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rothstein R. J. One-step gene disruption in yeast. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:202–211. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01015-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zimmermann F. K., Eaton N. R. Genetics of induction and catabolite repression of Maltese synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Genet. 1974;134(3):261–272. doi: 10.1007/BF00267720. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Kroon R. A., Koningsberger V. V. An inducible transport system for alpha-glucosides in protoplasts of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970 Apr 15;204(2):590–609. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(70)90178-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ten Berge A. M., Zoutewelle G., van de Poll K. W. Regulation of maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. I. The function of the gene MAL6, as recognized by mal6-mutants. Mol Gen Genet. 1973 Jul 2;123(3):233–246. doi: 10.1007/BF00271242. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]