Table 1.

—Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics

Variable	Survivors (n = 143)	Nonsurvivors (n = 44)	P Valuea
Age, mean (SD), y	60.0 (16.7)	67.0 (13.7)	.01
Race
White	75 (52.4)	27 (61.4)	.30
Black American	54 (37.8)	16 (36.4)	.87
Hispanic	13 (9.0)	0 (0.0)	.03
Other	1 (0.7)	1 (2.2)	.42
Sex			.73
Male	77 (53.8)	25 (56.8)
Female	66 (46.2)	19 (43.2)
Preexisting conditions
Diabetes mellitus	52 (36.4)	21 (47.7)	.18
COPD	26 (18.1)	9 (20.5)	.83
End-stage renal disease	16 (11.2)	5 (11.4)	.99
Cirrhosis	14 (9.8)	4 (9.1)	.99
HIV-positive status	13 (9.1)	2 (4.6)	.53
Baseline laboratory values, median (IQR)
Hemoglobin, mg/dL	11.3 (9.8, 13.4)	11.6 (9.9, 13.8)	.66
Creatinine, mg/dL	1.7 (1.1, 2.9)	2.5 (1.5, 3.6)	.03
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	1.1 (0.6, 1.8)	0.8 (0.7, 1.4)	.33
Initial lactate level, mM	4.3 (3.0, 6.1)	5.9 (3.4, 8.3)	.007
Disease severity, median (IQR)b
SOFA score	6 (4, 9)	9.5 (6, 12)	<.001
Treatments
Lactate clearance protocol	76 (53.2)	22 (50.0)	.71
IV fluids,c,d median (IQR)	4.0 (2.5, 5.5)	4.3 (3.0, 5.0)	.54
Vasopressors	86 (60.1)	31 (70.5)	.22
Inotropes	5 (3.5)	2 (4.6)	.67
Transfusion of PRBCs	7 (4.9)	2 (4.6)	.99
Mechanical ventilation	41 (28.7)	31 (70.5)	<.001
Corticosteroidsd	18 (12.6)	8 (18.2)	.35
Activated protein C	1 (0.7)	2 (4.6)	.14

Data given as total No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. IQR = interquartile range; PRBC = packed RBC; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.

^aComparing survivors vs nonsurvivors.

^bAt 0 h.

^cIn the first 6 h.

^dAfter initial 2 L bolus.