Skip to main content
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1987 Oct;7(10):3785–3791. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.10.3785

Sequences required for transcriptional initiation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC7 genes.

A M Healy 1, T L Helser 1, R S Zitomer 1
PMCID: PMC368035  PMID: 3316987

Abstract

A series of BAL 31 deletions were constructed in the upstream region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC7 gene to determine sequences required for transcriptional initiation. These deletions identified the TATA box as an alternating A-T sequence at -160 and the initiation sequences as well as the spatial relationship between them. The TATA box was necessary for wild-type levels of expression of the CYC7 gene. Decreasing the distance between the TATA sequence and the initiation site did not alter gene expression, but the site of transcription was shifted 3'-ward. In most cases, transcription initiated at a number of sites, the 5'-most of which was the first suitable site greater than 45 base pairs 3' of the TATA sequence, suggesting a spatial relationship between these sequences. Consensus sequences previously proposed for initiation sites were evaluated with respect to the start sites identified in this study as well as the start sites of other yeast genes.

Full text

PDF
3785

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Benoist C., Chambon P. In vivo sequence requirements of the SV40 early promotor region. Nature. 1981 Mar 26;290(5804):304–310. doi: 10.1038/290304a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Breathnach R., Chambon P. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349–383. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Broach J. R., Strathern J. N., Hicks J. B. Transformation in yeast: development of a hybrid cloning vector and isolation of the CAN1 gene. Gene. 1979 Dec;8(1):121–133. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(79)90012-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Burke R. L., Tekamp-Olson P., Najarian R. The isolation, characterization, and sequence of the pyruvate kinase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 25;258(4):2193–2201. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Carlson M., Taussig R., Kustu S., Botstein D. The secreted form of invertase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is synthesized from mRNA encoding a signal sequence. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Mar;3(3):439–447. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.3.439. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chen W., Struhl K. Yeast mRNA initiation sites are determined primarily by specific sequences, not by the distance from the TATA element. EMBO J. 1985 Dec 1;4(12):3273–3280. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04077.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Clavilier L., Péré G., Slonimski P. P. Mise en évidence de plusieurs loci indépendants impliqués dans la synthèse de l'iso-2-cytochrome c chez la levure. Mol Gen Genet. 1969;104(2):195–218. doi: 10.1007/BF00272801. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cohen R., Holland J. P., Yokoi T., Holland M. J. Identification of a regulatory region that mediates glucose-dependent induction of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae enolase gene ENO2. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jul;6(7):2287–2297. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.7.2287. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Corden J., Wasylyk B., Buchwalder A., Sassone-Corsi P., Kedinger C., Chambon P. Promoter sequences of eukaryotic protein-coding genes. Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1406–1414. doi: 10.1126/science.6251548. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Crabeel M., Huygen R., Verschueren K., Messenguy F., Tinel K., Cunin R., Glansdorff N. General amino acid control and specific arginine repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: physical study of the bifunctional regulatory region of the ARG3 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Nov;5(11):3139–3148. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.11.3139. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Dihanich M. E., Najarian D., Clark R., Gillman E. C., Martin N. C., Hopper A. K. Isolation and characterization of MOD5, a gene required for isopentenylation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jan;7(1):177–184. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.1.177. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Dobson M. J., Tuite M. F., Mellor J., Roberts N. A., King R. M., Burke D. C., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of human interferon-alpha directed by the TRP1 5' region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Apr 25;11(8):2287–2302. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.8.2287. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Dobson M. J., Tuite M. F., Roberts N. A., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M., Perkins R. E., Conroy S. C., Fothergill L. A. Conservation of high efficiency promoter sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Apr 24;10(8):2625–2637. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.8.2625. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Donahue T. F., Daves R. S., Lucchini G., Fink G. R. A short nucleotide sequence required for regulation of HIS4 by the general control system of yeast. Cell. 1983 Jan;32(1):89–98. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90499-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Elwell L. P., De Graaff J., Seibert D., Falkow S. Plasmid-linked ampicillin resistance in haempohilus influenza type b. Infect Immun. 1975 Aug;12(2):404–410. doi: 10.1128/iai.12.2.404-410.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Faye G., Leung D. W., Tatchell K., Hall B. D., Smith M. Deletion mapping of sequences essential for in vivo transcription of the iso-1-cytochrome c gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2258–2262. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.4.2258. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hahn S., Hoar E. T., Guarente L. Each of three "TATA elements" specifies a subset of the transcription initiation sites at the CYC-1 promoter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8562–8566. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.24.8562. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hanahan D. Studies on transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids. J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 5;166(4):557–580. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80284-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Hinnebusch A. G. Evidence for translational regulation of the activator of general amino acid control in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Oct;81(20):6442–6446. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.20.6442. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Hitzeman R. A., Hagie F. E., Levine H. L., Goeddel D. V., Ammerer G., Hall B. D. Expression of a human gene for interferon in yeast. Nature. 1981 Oct 29;293(5835):717–722. doi: 10.1038/293717a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ito H., Fukuda Y., Murata K., Kimura A. Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):163–168. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.1.163-168.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Karin M., Najarian R., Haslinger A., Valenzuela P., Welch J., Fogel S. Primary structure and transcription of an amplified genetic locus: the CUP1 locus of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(2):337–341. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.2.337. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Kim S., Mellor J., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. Multiple control elements in the TRP1 promoter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4251–4258. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.12.4251. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Krzywicki K. A., Brandriss M. C. Primary structure of the nuclear PUT2 gene involved in the mitochondrial pathway for proline utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Dec;4(12):2837–2842. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.12.2837. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Laughon A., Gesteland R. F. Primary structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Feb;4(2):260–267. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.2.260. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Lowry C. V., Weiss J. L., Walthall D. A., Zitomer R. S. Modulator sequences mediate oxygen regulation of CYC1 and a neighboring gene in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(1):151–155. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.1.151. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Mathis D. J., Chambon P. The SV40 early region TATA box is required for accurate in vitro initiation of transcription. Nature. 1981 Mar 26;290(5804):310–315. doi: 10.1038/290310a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. McIntosh E. M., Haynes R. H. Sequence and expression of the dCMP deaminase gene (DCD1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 May;6(5):1711–1721. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.5.1711. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. McKnight S. L., Kingsbury R. Transcriptional control signals of a eukaryotic protein-coding gene. Science. 1982 Jul 23;217(4557):316–324. doi: 10.1126/science.6283634. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. McNeil J. B., Smith M. Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC1 mRNA 5'-end positioning: analysis by in vitro mutagenesis, using synthetic duplexes with random mismatch base pairs. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Dec;5(12):3545–3551. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.12.3545. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. McNeil J. B., Smith M. Transcription initiation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1-cytochrome c gene. Multiple, independent T-A-T-A sequences. J Mol Biol. 1986 Feb 5;187(3):363–378. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90439-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Messing J. New M13 vectors for cloning. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:20–78. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01005-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Messing J., Vieira J. A new pair of M13 vectors for selecting either DNA strand of double-digest restriction fragments. Gene. 1982 Oct;19(3):269–276. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90016-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Nagawa F., Fink G. R. The relationship between the "TATA" sequence and transcription initiation sites at the HIS4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8557–8561. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.24.8557. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Nakao J., Miyanohara A., Toh-e A., Matsubara K. Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHO5 promoter region: location and function of the upstream activation site. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jul;6(7):2613–2623. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.7.2613. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Nasmyth K. A., Tatchell K., Hall B. D., Astell C., Smith M. A position effect in the control of transcription at yeast mating type loci. Nature. 1981 Jan 22;289(5795):244–250. doi: 10.1038/289244a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Ogden J. E., Stanway C., Kim S., Mellor J., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. Efficient expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PGK gene depends on an upstream activation sequence but does not require TATA sequences. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4335–4343. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.12.4335. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Rose M., Botstein D. Structure and function of the yeast URA3 gene. Differentially regulated expression of hybrid beta-galactosidase from overlapping coding sequences in yeast. J Mol Biol. 1983 Nov 15;170(4):883–904. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80193-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Rose M., Grisafi P., Botstein D. Structure and function of the yeast URA3 gene: expression in Escherichia coli. Gene. 1984 Jul-Aug;29(1-2):113–124. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90172-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Rotenberg M. O., Woolford J. L., Jr Tripartite upstream promoter element essential for expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal protein genes. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Feb;6(2):674–687. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.2.674. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Rudolph H., Hinnen A. The yeast PHO5 promoter: phosphate-control elements and sequences mediating mRNA start-site selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(5):1340–1344. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.5.1340. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Russell D. W., Smith M., Williamson V. M., Young E. T. Nucleotide sequence of the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase II gene. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 25;258(4):2674–2682. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Sherman F., Stewart J. W., Jackson M., Gilmore R. A., Parker J. H. Mutants of yeast defective in iso-1-cytochrome c. Genetics. 1974 Jun;77(2):255–284. doi: 10.1093/genetics/77.2.255. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Struhl K., Davis R. W. Promotor mutants of the yeast his3 gene. J Mol Biol. 1981 Nov 5;152(3):553–568. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90268-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Struhl K. Genetic properties and chromatin structure of the yeast gal regulatory element: an enhancer-like sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):7865–7869. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.7865. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Sumrada R. A., Cooper T. G. Point mutation generates constitutive expression of an inducible eukaryotic gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(3):643–647. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.3.643. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Tajima M., Nogi Y., Fukasawa T. Duplicate upstream activating sequences in the promoter region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL7 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jan;6(1):246–256. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.1.246. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Teem J. L., Rosbash M. Expression of a beta-galactosidase gene containing the ribosomal protein 51 intron is sensitive to the rna2 mutation of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(14):4403–4407. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.14.4403. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Wright C. F., Zitomer R. S. A positive regulatory site and a negative regulatory site control the expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC7 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Oct;4(10):2023–2030. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.10.2023. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Yocum R. R., Hanley S., West R., Jr, Ptashne M. Use of lacZ fusions to delimit regulatory elements of the inducible divergent GAL1-GAL10 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Oct;4(10):1985–1998. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.10.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Young E. T., Pilgrim D. Isolation and DNA sequence of ADH3, a nuclear gene encoding the mitochondrial isozyme of alcohol dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Nov;5(11):3024–3034. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.11.3024. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Zalkin H., Yanofsky C. Yeast gene TRP5: structure, function, regulation. J Biol Chem. 1982 Feb 10;257(3):1491–1500. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Zitomer R. S., Hall B. D. Yeast cytochrome c messenger RNA. In vitro translation and specific immunoprecipitation of the CYC1 gene product. J Biol Chem. 1976 Oct 25;251(20):6320–6326. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Zitomer R. S., Sellers J. W., McCarter D. W., Hastings G. A., Wick P., Lowry C. V. Elements involved in oxygen regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC7 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jun;7(6):2212–2220. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.6.2212. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES