Skip to main content
PMC home page
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1984 Aug;4(8):1664–1668. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.8.1664

Promoter dependence of enhancer activity.

P E Berg, Z Popovic, W F Anderson
PMCID: PMC368966  PMID: 6092930

Abstract

The interaction of enhancers with different promoters was studied by measuring the influence of two enhancers (from simian virus 40 and from Harvey sarcoma virus) on the activity of expression vectors that are identical except for their promoter region. The promoters examined were from the simian virus 40 early region, with or without its own 72-base-pair repeat, and the mouse beta major-globin gene. It is clear that the promoter acted upon strongly influences the level of activity of an enhancer.

Full text

PDF
1664

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Banerji J., Rusconi S., Schaffner W. Expression of a beta-globin gene is enhanced by remote SV40 DNA sequences. Cell. 1981 Dec;27(2 Pt 1):299–308. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90413-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Benoist C., Chambon P. In vivo sequence requirements of the SV40 early promotor region. Nature. 1981 Mar 26;290(5804):304–310. doi: 10.1038/290304a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Berg P. E., Anderson W. F. Correlation of gene expression and transformation frequency with the presence of an enhancing sequence in the transforming DNA. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Feb;4(2):368–370. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.2.368. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Berg P. E., Yu J. K., Popovic Z., Schumperli D., Johansen H., Rosenberg M., Anderson W. F. Differential activation of the mouse beta-globin promoter by enhancers. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Jul;3(7):1246–1254. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.7.1246. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Capecchi M. R. High efficiency transformation by direct microinjection of DNA into cultured mammalian cells. Cell. 1980 Nov;22(2 Pt 2):479–488. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90358-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Folger K. R., Wong E. A., Wahl G., Capecchi M. R. Patterns of integration of DNA microinjected into cultured mammalian cells: evidence for homologous recombination between injected plasmid DNA molecules. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Nov;2(11):1372–1387. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.11.1372. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fromm M., Berg P. Deletion mapping of DNA regions required for SV40 early region promoter function in vivo. J Mol Appl Genet. 1982;1(5):457–481. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fromm M., Berg P. Deletion mapping of DNA regions required for SV40 early region promoter function in vivo. J Mol Appl Genet. 1982;1(5):457–481. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fromm M., Berg P. Simian virus 40 early- and late-region promoter functions are enhanced by the 72-base-pair repeat inserted at distant locations and inverted orientations. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Jun;3(6):991–999. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.6.991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gillies S. D., Morrison S. L., Oi V. T., Tonegawa S. A tissue-specific transcription enhancer element is located in the major intron of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):717–728. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90014-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Green M. R., Treisman R., Maniatis T. Transcriptional activation of cloned human beta-globin genes by viral immediate-early gene products. Cell. 1983 Nov;35(1):137–148. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90216-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gruss P., Dhar R., Khoury G. Simian virus 40 tandem repeated sequences as an element of the early promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Feb;78(2):943–947. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.2.943. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gruss P. Magic enhancers? DNA. 1984;3(1):1–5. doi: 10.1089/dna.1.1984.3.1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Humphries R. K., Ley T., Turner P., Moulton A. D., Nienhuis A. W. Differences in human alpha-, beta- and delta-globin gene expression in monkey kidney cells. Cell. 1982 Aug;30(1):173–183. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90023-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Khoury G., Gruss P. Enhancer elements. Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):313–314. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90410-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kriegler M., Botchan M. Enhanced transformation by a simian virus 40 recombinant virus containing a Harvey murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Mar;3(3):325–339. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.3.325. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Laimins L. A., Gruss P., Pozzatti R., Khoury G. Characterization of enhancer elements in the long terminal repeat of Moloney murine sarcoma virus. J Virol. 1984 Jan;49(1):183–189. doi: 10.1128/jvi.49.1.183-189.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Laimins L. A., Khoury G., Gorman C., Howard B., Gruss P. Host-specific activation of transcription by tandem repeats from simian virus 40 and Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(21):6453–6457. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.21.6453. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Levinson B., Khoury G., Vande Woude G., Gruss P. Activation of SV40 genome by 72-base pair tandem repeats of Moloney sarcoma virus. Nature. 1982 Feb 18;295(5850):568–572. doi: 10.1038/295568a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Luciw P. A., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E., Capecchi M. R. Location and function of retroviral and SV40 sequences that enhance biochemical transformation after microinjection of DNA. Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):705–716. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90013-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lusky M., Berg L., Weiher H., Botchan M. Bovine papilloma virus contains an activator of gene expression at the distal end of the early transcription unit. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Jun;3(6):1108–1122. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.6.1108. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Mercola M., Wang X. F., Olsen J., Calame K. Transcriptional enhancer elements in the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):663–665. doi: 10.1126/science.6306772. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Moreau P., Hen R., Wasylyk B., Everett R., Gaub M. P., Chambon P. The SV40 72 base repair repeat has a striking effect on gene expression both in SV40 and other chimeric recombinants. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Nov 25;9(22):6047–6068. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.22.6047. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Schümperli D., Howard B. H., Rosenberg M. Efficient expression of Escherichia coli galactokinase gene in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(2):257–261. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.257. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Thirion J. P., Banville D., Noel H. Galactokinase mutants of Chinese hamster somatic cells resistant to 2-deoxygalactose. Genetics. 1976 May;83(1):137–147. doi: 10.1093/genetics/83.1.137. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Treisman R., Green M. R., Maniatis T. cis and trans activation of globin gene transcription in transient assays. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Dec;80(24):7428–7432. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.24.7428. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wasylyk B., Wasylyk C., Augereau P., Chambon P. The SV40 72 bp repeat preferentially potentiates transcription starting from proximal natural or substitute promoter elements. Cell. 1983 Feb;32(2):503–514. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90470-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Yamaizumi M., Horwich A. L., Ruddle F. H. Expression and stabilization of microinjected plasmids containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene and polyoma virus DNA in mouse cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Apr;3(4):511–522. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.4.511. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. de Villiers J., Olson L., Tyndall C., Schaffner W. Transcriptional 'enhancers' from SV40 and polyoma virus show a cell type preference. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Dec 20;10(24):7965–7976. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.24.7965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. de Villiers J., Schaffner W. A small segment of polyoma virus DNA enhances the expression of a cloned beta-globin gene over a distance of 1400 base pairs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Dec 11;9(23):6251–6264. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.23.6251. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES