Table 2.

Pathways identified to effective and ineffective interventions

Effective interventions	The configuration most commonly associated with effectiveness (found in eight trials) involved one factor: ‘a focus on personal risk factors’ (pathway 1: [15-17,19,20,23,26,27]). Other configurations each involved the presence of one factor, and the absence of other factors. One configuration involved ‘explaining the value of adherence’ with the absence of:
	(i) ‘Discuss circumstances that lead to forgetting to take treatment’ and ‘a focus on improving social support’ (pathway 2: [24,25,29]).
	Or the absence of:
	(i) ‘Discussion relating to not stopping the medication if there are no symptoms’ and ‘improving social support’ (pathway 3: [16,18,22,29]).
	The other configurations involved ‘provision of clear/appropriate information on how to take medication’, with the absence of:
	(i) ‘Exploration of attitudes to therapy/disease’ and ‘discussion relating to not stopping taking medication if there are no symptoms’ (pathway 4:[17,18,22,29]).
	Or the absence of:
	(ii) ‘Discussion relating to missing a drug’ and ‘discussion relating to not stopping taking medication if there are no symptoms’ (pathway 5: [24,25,27,29]).
	Or the absence of:
	(iii) ‘Discussion relating to not stopping taking medication if there are no symptoms’ and ‘improving social support’ (pathway 6: [17,18,22,29]).
Ineffective interventions	All four configurations (pathways) for the ineffective interventions included the absence of one factor: ‘a focus on personal risk factors’. Two of the configurations also involved the absence of either:
	(i) ‘Information on side effects’ and ‘pointing out the value of adherence’ (pathway 1: [31,33-35]).
	or
	(ii) ‘Pointing out the value of adherence’ and ‘provision of clear or appropriate information’ (pathway 2: [30,33-35]).
	In the other two configurations the absence of ‘a focus on personal risk factors’ also involved the presence of either:
	(i) ‘Discussion relating to missing a drug’ (pathway 3: [28,30-32]). or
	(ii) ‘Emphasis that experiencing no symptoms does not mean stopping medication’ (pathway 4: [21,32]).