Abstract
We have analyzed the control of developmental expression of the CD4 gene, which encodes an important recognition molecule and differentiation antigen on T cells. We have determined that the CD4 promoter alone functions at high levels in the CD4+ CD8- mature T cell but not at the early CD4+ CD8+ stage of T-cell development. In addition, the CD4 promoter functions only in T lymphocytes; thus, the stage and tissue specificity of the CD4 gene is mediated in part by its promoter. We have determined that a Myb transcription factor binds to the CD4 promoter and is critical for full promoter function. Thus, Myb plays an important role in the expression of T-cell-specific developmentally regulated genes.
Full text
PDF












Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Anfossi G., Gewirtz A. M., Calabretta B. An oligomer complementary to c-myb-encoded mRNA inhibits proliferation of human myeloid leukemia cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 May;86(9):3379–3383. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.9.3379. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Berg L. J., Pullen A. M., Fazekas de St Groth B., Mathis D., Benoist C., Davis M. M. Antigen/MHC-specific T cells are preferentially exported from the thymus in the presence of their MHC ligand. Cell. 1989 Sep 22;58(6):1035–1046. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90502-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Biedenkapp H., Borgmeyer U., Sippel A. E., Klempnauer K. H. Viral myb oncogene encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. Nature. 1988 Oct 27;335(6193):835–837. doi: 10.1038/335835a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boyle W. J., Lipsick J. S., Baluda M. A. Antibodies to the evolutionarily conserved amino-terminal region of the v-myb-encoded protein detect the c-myb protein in widely divergent metazoan species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(13):4685–4689. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.13.4685. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen C., Okayama H. High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Aug;7(8):2745–2752. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.8.2745. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen J. H. Expression of endogenous avian myeloblastosis virus information in different chicken cells. J Virol. 1980 Oct;36(1):162–170. doi: 10.1128/jvi.36.1.162-170.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clarke M. F., Kukowska-Latallo J. F., Westin E., Smith M., Prochownik E. V. Constitutive expression of a c-myb cDNA blocks Friend murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Feb;8(2):884–892. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.2.884. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Coll J., Saule S., Martin P., Raes M. B., Lagrou C., Graf T., Beug H., Simon I. E., Stehelin D. The cellular oncogenes c-myc, c-myb and c-erb are transcribed in defined types of avian hematopoietic cells. Exp Cell Res. 1983 Nov;149(1):151–162. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(83)90388-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dent A. L., Matis L. A., Hooshmand F., Widacki S. M., Bluestone J. A., Hedrick S. M. Self-reactive gamma delta T cells are eliminated in the thymus. Nature. 1990 Feb 22;343(6260):714–719. doi: 10.1038/343714a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doyle C., Strominger J. L. Interaction between CD4 and class II MHC molecules mediates cell adhesion. Nature. 1987 Nov 19;330(6145):256–259. doi: 10.1038/330256a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fink P. J., Matis L. A., McElligott D. L., Bookman M., Hedrick S. M. Correlations between T-cell specificity and the structure of the antigen receptor. Nature. 1986 May 15;321(6067):219–226. doi: 10.1038/321219a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fowlkes B. J., Pardoll D. M. Molecular and cellular events of T cell development. Adv Immunol. 1989;44:207–264. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60643-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Garcia A., LaMontagne K., Reavis D., Stober-Grässer U., Lipsick J. S. Determinants of sequence-specific DNA-binding by p48v-myb. Oncogene. 1991 Feb;6(2):265–273. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gewirtz A. M., Calabretta B. A c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits normal human hematopoiesis in vitro. Science. 1988 Dec 2;242(4883):1303–1306. doi: 10.1126/science.2461588. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gillis S., Smith K. A. Long term culture of tumour-specific cytotoxic T cells. Nature. 1977 Jul 14;268(5616):154–156. doi: 10.1038/268154a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gonda T. J., Ramsay R. G., Johnson G. R. Murine myeloid cell lines derived by in vitro infection with recombinant c-myb retroviruses express myb from rearranged vector proviruses. EMBO J. 1989 Jun;8(6):1767–1775. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03570.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gonda T. J., Sheiness D. K., Bishop J. M. Transcripts from the cellular homologs of retroviral oncogenes: distribution among chicken tissues. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Jun;2(6):617–624. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.6.617. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gorman S. D., Tourvieille B., Parnes J. R. Structure of the mouse gene encoding CD4 and an unusual transcript in brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(21):7644–7648. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7644. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grosveld F., van Assendelft G. B., Greaves D. R., Kollias G. Position-independent, high-level expression of the human beta-globin gene in transgenic mice. Cell. 1987 Dec 24;51(6):975–985. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90584-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gunning P., Leavitt J., Muscat G., Ng S. Y., Kedes L. A human beta-actin expression vector system directs high-level accumulation of antisense transcripts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(14):4831–4835. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.14.4831. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horibata K., Harris A. W. Mouse myelomas and lymphomas in culture. Exp Cell Res. 1970 Apr;60(1):61–77. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(70)90489-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Howe K. M., Reakes C. F., Watson R. J. Characterization of the sequence-specific interaction of mouse c-myb protein with DNA. EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):161–169. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08092.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ibanez C. E., Lipsick J. S. Structural and functional domains of the myb oncogene: requirements for nuclear transport, myeloid transformation, and colony formation. J Virol. 1988 Jun;62(6):1981–1988. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.6.1981-1988.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ibanez C. E., Lipsick J. S. trans activation of gene expression by v-myb. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 May;10(5):2285–2293. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.5.2285. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kappler J., White J., Wegmann D., Mustain E., Marrack P. Antigen presentation by Ia+ B cell hybridomas to H-2-restricted T cell hybridomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jun;79(11):3604–3607. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.11.3604. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaye J., Hsu M. L., Sauron M. E., Jameson S. C., Gascoigne N. R., Hedrick S. M. Selective development of CD4+ T cells in transgenic mice expressing a class II MHC-restricted antigen receptor. Nature. 1989 Oct 26;341(6244):746–749. doi: 10.1038/341746a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaye J., Porcelli S., Tite J., Jones B., Janeway C. A., Jr Both a monoclonal antibody and antisera specific for determinants unique to individual cloned helper T cell lines can substitute for antigen and antigen-presenting cells in the activation of T cells. J Exp Med. 1983 Sep 1;158(3):836–856. doi: 10.1084/jem.158.3.836. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kisielow P., Teh H. S., Blüthmann H., von Boehmer H. Positive selection of antigen-specific T cells in thymus by restricting MHC molecules. Nature. 1988 Oct 20;335(6192):730–733. doi: 10.1038/335730a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klempnauer K. H., Arnold H., Biedenkapp H. Activation of transcription by v-myb: evidence for two different mechanisms. Genes Dev. 1989 Oct;3(10):1582–1589. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.10.1582. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Krimpenfort P., de Jong R., Uematsu Y., Dembic Z., Ryser S., von Boehmer H., Steinmetz M., Berns A. Transcription of T cell receptor beta-chain genes is controlled by a downstream regulatory element. EMBO J. 1988 Mar;7(3):745–750. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02871.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kunkel T. A., Roberts J. D., Zakour R. A. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Methods Enzymol. 1987;154:367–382. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)54085-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lillie J. W., Green M. R. Transcription activation by the adenovirus E1a protein. Nature. 1989 Mar 2;338(6210):39–44. doi: 10.1038/338039a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lipsick J. S., Boyle W. J. c-myb protein expression is a late event during T-lymphocyte activation. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;7(9):3358–3360. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.9.3358. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Littman D. R. The structure of the CD4 and CD8 genes. Annu Rev Immunol. 1987;5:561–584. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.05.040187.003021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lüscher B., Eisenman R. N. New light on Myc and Myb. Part II. Myb. Genes Dev. 1990 Dec;4(12B):2235–2241. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.12b.2235. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MacDonald H. R., Glasebrook A. L., Cerottini J. C. Clonal heterogeneity in the functional requirement for Lyt-2/3 molecules on cytolytic T lymphocytes: analysis by antibody blocking and selective trypsinization. J Exp Med. 1982 Dec 1;156(6):1711–1722. doi: 10.1084/jem.156.6.1711. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marine J., Winoto A. The human enhancer-binding protein Gata3 binds to several T-cell receptor regulatory elements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 15;88(16):7284–7288. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.16.7284. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mizuguchi G., Nakagoshi H., Nagase T., Nomura N., Date T., Ueno Y., Ishii S. DNA binding activity and transcriptional activator function of the human B-myb protein compared with c-MYB. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 5;265(16):9280–9284. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mucenski M. L., McLain K., Kier A. B., Swerdlow S. H., Schreiner C. M., Miller T. A., Pietryga D. W., Scott W. J., Jr, Potter S. S. A functional c-myb gene is required for normal murine fetal hepatic hematopoiesis. Cell. 1991 May 17;65(4):677–689. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90099-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ness S. A., Marknell A., Graf T. The v-myb oncogene product binds to and activates the promyelocyte-specific mim-1 gene. Cell. 1989 Dec 22;59(6):1115–1125. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90767-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nomura N., Takahashi M., Matsui M., Ishii S., Date T., Sasamoto S., Ishizaki R. Isolation of human cDNA clones of myb-related genes, A-myb and B-myb. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Dec 9;16(23):11075–11089. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.23.11075. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Paillard F., Sterkers G., Vaquero C. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of TcR, CD4 and CD8 gene expression during activation of normal human T lymphocytes. EMBO J. 1990 Jun;9(6):1867–1872. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08312.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parnes J. R. Molecular biology and function of CD4 and CD8. Adv Immunol. 1989;44:265–311. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60644-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pauza C. D. Regulation of human T-lymphocyte gene expression by interleukin 2: immediate-response genes include the proto-oncogene c-myb. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jan;7(1):342–348. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.1.342. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Perlmutter R. M., Marth J. D., Ziegler S. F., Garvin A. M., Pawar S., Cooke M. P., Abraham K. M. Specialized protein tyrosine kinase proto-oncogenes in hematopoietic cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1989 Feb;948(3):245–262. doi: 10.1016/0304-419x(89)90001-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Radke K., Beug H., Kornfeld S., Graf T. Transformation of both erythroid and myeloid cells by E26, an avian leukemia virus that contains the myb gene. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(3 Pt 2):643–653. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90320-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Redondo J. M., Hata S., Brocklehurst C., Krangel M. S. A T cell-specific transcriptional enhancer within the human T cell receptor delta locus. Science. 1990 Mar 9;247(4947):1225–1229. doi: 10.1126/science.2156339. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reed J. C., Alpers J. D., Nowell P. C., Hoover R. G. Sequential expression of protooncogenes during lectin-stimulated mitogenesis of normal human lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(11):3982–3986. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.11.3982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richie E. R., McEntire B., Crispe N., Kimura J., Lanier L. L., Allison J. P. Alpha/beta T-cell antigen receptor gene and protein expression occurs at early stages of thymocyte differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb;85(4):1174–1178. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.4.1174. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ronchese F., Schwartz R. H., Germain R. N. Functionally distinct subsites on a class II major histocompatibility complex molecule. Nature. 1987 Sep 17;329(6136):254–256. doi: 10.1038/329254a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Salter R. D., Norment A. M., Chen B. P., Clayberger C., Krensky A. M., Littman D. R., Parham P. Polymorphism in the alpha 3 domain of HLA-A molecules affects binding to CD8. Nature. 1989 Mar 23;338(6213):345–347. doi: 10.1038/338345a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sawada S., Littman D. R. Identification and characterization of a T-cell-specific enhancer adjacent to the murine CD4 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Nov;11(11):5506–5515. doi: 10.1128/mcb.11.11.5506. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seed B., Sheen J. Y. A simple phase-extraction assay for chloramphenicol acyltransferase activity. Gene. 1988 Jul 30;67(2):271–277. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90403-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sha W. C., Nelson C. A., Newberry R. D., Kranz D. M., Russell J. H., Loh D. Y. Positive and negative selection of an antigen receptor on T cells in transgenic mice. Nature. 1988 Nov 3;336(6194):73–76. doi: 10.1038/336073a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sheiness D., Gardinier M. Expression of a proto-oncogene (proto-myb) in hemopoietic tissues of mice. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Jul;4(7):1206–1212. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.7.1206. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shen-Ong G. L., Lüscher B., Eisenman R. N. A second c-myb protein is translated from an alternatively spliced mRNA expressed from normal and 5'-disrupted myb loci. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Dec;9(12):5456–5463. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.12.5456. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shen-Ong G. L. The myb oncogene. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 Jun 1;1032(1):39–52. doi: 10.1016/0304-419x(90)90011-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shipp M. A., Reinherz E. L. Differential expression of nuclear proto-oncogenes in T cells triggered with mitogenic and nonmitogenic T3 and T11 activation signals. J Immunol. 1987 Oct 1;139(7):2143–2148. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stern J. B., Smith K. A. Interleukin-2 induction of T-cell G1 progression and c-myb expression. Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):203–206. doi: 10.1126/science.3523754. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Swain S. L. T cell subsets and the recognition of MHC class. Immunol Rev. 1983;74:129–142. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1983.tb01087.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thompson C. B., Challoner P. B., Neiman P. E., Groudine M. Expression of the c-myb proto-oncogene during cellular proliferation. 1986 Jan 30-Feb 5Nature. 319(6052):374–380. doi: 10.1038/319374a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Todokoro K., Watson R. J., Higo H., Amanuma H., Kuramochi S., Yanagisawa H., Ikawa Y. Down-regulation of c-myb gene expression is a prerequisite for erythropoietin-induced erythroid differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):8900–8904. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.23.8900. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Torelli G., Selleri L., Donelli A., Ferrari S., Emilia G., Venturelli D., Moretti L., Torelli U. Activation of c-myb expression by phytohemagglutinin stimulation in normal human T lymphocytes. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2874–2877. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2874. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang A., Lu S. D., Mark D. F. Site-specific mutagenesis of the human interleukin-2 gene: structure-function analysis of the cysteine residues. Science. 1984 Jun 29;224(4656):1431–1433. doi: 10.1126/science.6427925. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Waterman M. L., Jones K. A. Purification of TCF-1 alpha, a T-cell-specific transcription factor that activates the T-cell receptor C alpha gene enhancer in a context-dependent manner. New Biol. 1990 Jul;2(7):621–636. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Westin E. H., Gallo R. C., Arya S. K., Eva A., Souza L. M., Baluda M. A., Aaronson S. A., Wong-Staal F. Differential expression of the amv gene in human hematopoietic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Apr;79(7):2194–2198. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.7.2194. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weston K., Bishop J. M. Transcriptional activation by the v-myb oncogene and its cellular progenitor, c-myb. Cell. 1989 Jul 14;58(1):85–93. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90405-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weyand C. M., Goronzy J., Fathman C. G. Modulation of CD4 by antigenic activation. J Immunol. 1987 Mar 1;138(5):1351–1354. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Wet J. R., Wood K. V., DeLuca M., Helinski D. R., Subramani S. Firefly luciferase gene: structure and expression in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):725–737. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.2.725. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- von Boehmer H. The developmental biology of T lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol. 1988;6:309–326. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.06.040188.001521. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]