Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1981 Jul;1(7):635–651. doi: 10.1128/mcb.1.7.635

Transcription of adenovirus type 2 genes in a cell-free system: apparent heterogeneity of initiation at some promoters.

D C Lee 1, R G Roeder 1
PMCID: PMC369711  PMID: 9279377

Abstract

We examined the transcription of a variety of adenovirus type 2 genes in a cell-free system containing purified ribonucleic acid polymerase II and a crude extract from cultured human cells. The early EIA, EIB, EIII, and EIV genes and the intermediate polypeptide IX gene, all of which contain a recognizable TATAA sequence upstream from the cap site, were actively transcribed in vitro, albeit with apparently different efficiencies, whereas the early EII (map position 74.9) and IVa2 genes, both of which lack a TATAA sequence, were not actively transcribed. A reverse transcriptase-primer extension analysis showed that the 5' ends of the in vitro transcripts were identical to those of the corresponding in vivo ribonucleic acids and that, in those instances where initiation was heterogeneous in vivo, a similar kind of heterogeneity was observed in the cell-free system. Transcription of the polypeptide IX gene indicated that this transcript was not terminated at, or processed to, the polyadenylic acid addition site in vitro. We also failed to observe, using the in vitro system, any indication of transcriptional regulation based on the use of adenovirus type 2-infected cell extracts.

Full text

PDF
635

Images in this article

639Image
on p.639
640Image
on p.640
641Image
on p.641
642Image
on p.642
644Image
on p.644
646Image
on p.646
648Image
on p.648

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aleström P., Akusjärvi G., Perricaudet M., Mathews M. B., Klessig D. F., Pettersson U. The gene for polypeptide IX of adenovirus type 2 and its unspliced messenger RNA. Cell. 1980 Mar;19(3):671–681. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(80)80044-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baker C. C., Herisse J., Courtois G., Galibert F., Ziff E. Messenger RNA for the Ad2 DNA binding protein: DNA sequences encoding the first leader and heterogenity at the mRNA 5' end. Cell. 1979 Oct;18(2):569–580. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90073-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Berk A. J., Lee F., Harrison T., Williams J., Sharp P. A. Pre-early adenovirus 5 gene product regulates synthesis of early viral messenger RNAs. Cell. 1979 Aug;17(4):935–944. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90333-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Blanton R. A., Carter T. H. Autoregulation of adenovirus type 5 early gene expression. III. Transcription studies in isolated nuclei. J Virol. 1979 Feb;29(2):458–465. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.2.458-465.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bogenhagen D. F., Sakonju S., Brown D. D. A control region in the center of the 5S RNA gene directs specific initiation of transcription: II. The 3' border of the region. Cell. 1980 Jan;19(1):27–35. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90385-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Carter T. H., Blanton R. A. Autoregulation of adenovirus type 5 early gene expression II. Effect of temperature-sensitive early mutations on virus RNA accumulation. J Virol. 1978 Nov;28(2):450–456. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.2.450-456.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Carter T. H., Blanton R. A. Possible role of the 72,000 dalton DNA-binding protein in regulation of adenovirus type 5 early gene expression. J Virol. 1978 Feb;25(2):664–674. doi: 10.1128/jvi.25.2.664-674.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chow L. T., Broker T. R., Lewis J. B. Complex splicing patterns of RNAs from the early regions of adenovirus-2. J Mol Biol. 1979 Oct 25;134(2):265–303. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90036-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Corden J., Wasylyk B., Buchwalder A., Sassone-Corsi P., Kedinger C., Chambon P. Promoter sequences of eukaryotic protein-coding genes. Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1406–1414. doi: 10.1126/science.6251548. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Curtis P., Finnigan A. C., Rovera G. The beta major and beta minor globin nuclear transcripts of Friend erythroleukemia cells induced to differentiate in culture. J Biol Chem. 1980 Oct 10;255(19):8971–8974. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Engelke D. R., Ng S. Y., Shastry B. S., Roeder R. G. Specific interaction of a purified transcription factor with an internal control region of 5S RNA genes. Cell. 1980 Mar;19(3):717–728. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(80)80048-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Evans R. M., Fraser N., Ziff E., Weber J., Wilson M., Darnell J. E. The initiation sites for RNA transcription in Ad2 DNA. Cell. 1977 Nov;12(3):733–739. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90273-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Fraser N. W., Hsu M. T. Mapping of the 3' terminus of the large late ad-2 transcript by electron microscopy. Virology. 1980 Jun;103(2):514–516. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90210-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Fraser N. W., Nevins J. R., Ziff E., Darnell J. E., Jr The major late adenovirus type-2 transcription unit: termination is downstream from the last poly(A) site. J Mol Biol. 1979 Apr 25;129(4):643–656. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90474-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gegenheimer P., Apirion D. Processing of rRNA by RNAase P: spacer tRNAs are linked to 16S rRNA in an RNAase P RNAase III mutant strain of E. coli. Cell. 1978 Oct;15(2):527–539. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90021-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Green M. R., Roeder R. G. Definition of a novel promoter for the major adenovirus-associated virus mRNA. Cell. 1980 Nov;22(1 Pt 1):231–242. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90171-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Jones N., Shenk T. An adenovirus type 5 early gene function regulates expression of other early viral genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Aug;76(8):3665–3669. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3665. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Jones N., Shenk T. Isolation of adenovirus type 5 host range deletion mutants defective for transformation of rat embryo cells. Cell. 1979 Jul;17(3):683–689. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90275-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lewis J. B., Mathews M. B. Control of adenovirus early gene expression: a class of immediate early products. Cell. 1980 Aug;21(1):303–313. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90138-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Luse D. S., Roeder R. G. Accurate transcription initiation on a purified mouse beta-globin DNA fragment in a cell-free system. Cell. 1980 Jul;20(3):691–699. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90315-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Manley J. L., Fire A., Cano A., Sharp P. A., Gefter M. L. DNA-dependent transcription of adenovirus genes in a soluble whole-cell extract. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3855–3859. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3855. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Matsui T., Segall J., Weil P. A., Roeder R. G. Multiple factors required for accurate initiation of transcription by purified RNA polymerase II. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 25;255(24):11992–11996. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. McKnight G. S., Lee D. C., Palmiter R. D. Transferrin gene expression. Regulation of mRNA transcription in chick liver by steroid hormones and iron deficiency. J Biol Chem. 1980 Jan 10;255(1):148–153. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. McKnight G. S., Palmiter R. D. Transcriptional regulation of the ovalbumin and conalbumin genes by steroid hormones in chick oviduct. J Biol Chem. 1979 Sep 25;254(18):9050–9058. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Nevins J. R., Blanchard J. M., Darnell J. E., Jr Transcription units of adenovirus type 2. Termination of transcription beyond the poly(A) addition site in early regions 2 and 4. J Mol Biol. 1980 Dec 15;144(3):377–386. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90096-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Nevins J. R., Ginsberg H. S., Blanchard J. M., Wilson M. C., Darnell J. E., Jr Regulation of the primary expression of the early adenovirus transcription units. J Virol. 1979 Dec;32(3):727–733. doi: 10.1128/jvi.32.3.727-733.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Nevins J. R., Winkler J. J. Regulation of early adenovirus transcription: a protein product of early region 2 specifically represses region 4 transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Apr;77(4):1893–1897. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.4.1893. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Nguyen-Huu M. C., Barrett K. J., Giesecke K., Wurtz T., Sippel A. E., Schütz G. Transcription of the chicken ovalbumin and conalbumin gene during early secondary induction with estrogens. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1978 Oct;359(10):1307–1313. doi: 10.1515/bchm2.1978.359.2.1307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Persson H., Oberg B., Philipson L. Purification and characterization of an early protein (E14K) from adenovirus type 2-infected cells. J Virol. 1978 Oct;28(1):119–139. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.1.119-139.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Persson H., Pettersson U., Mathews M. B. Synthesis of a structural adenovirus polypeptide in the absence of viral DNA replication. Virology. 1978 Oct 1;90(1):67–79. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90334-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Proudfoot N. J., Shander M. H., Manley J. L., Gefter M. L., Maniatis T. Structure and in vitro transcription of human globin genes. Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1329–1336. doi: 10.1126/science.6158093. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Reddy V. B., Ghosh P. K., Lebowitz P., Piatak M., Weissman S. M. Simian virus 40 early mRNA's. I. Genomic localization of 3' and 5' termini and two major splices in mRNA from transformed and lytically infected cells. J Virol. 1979 Apr;30(1):279–296. doi: 10.1128/jvi.30.1.279-296.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Ringold G. M., Yamamoto K. R., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E. Glucocorticoid-stimulated accumulation of mouse mammary tumor virus RNA: increased rate of synthesis of viral RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Jul;74(7):2879–2883. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.7.2879. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Rio D., Robbins A., Myers R., Tjian R. Regulation of simian virus 40 early transcription in vitro by a purified tumor antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Oct;77(10):5706–5710. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.10.5706. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Sakonju S., Bogenhagen D. F., Brown D. D. A control region in the center of the 5S RNA gene directs specific initiation of transcription: I. The 5' border of the region. Cell. 1980 Jan;19(1):13–25. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90384-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Segall J., Matsui T., Roeder R. G. Multiple factors are required for the accurate transcription of purified genes by RNA polymerase III. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 25;255(24):11986–11991. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Sehgal P. B., Fraser N. W., Darnell J. E., Jr Early Ad-2 transcription units: only promoter-proximal RNA continues to be made in the presence of DRB. Virology. 1979 Apr 15;94(1):185–191. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90448-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Shaw A. R., Ziff E. B. Transcripts from the adenovirus-2 major late promoter yield a single early family of 3' coterminal mRNAs and five late families. Cell. 1980 Dec;22(3):905–916. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90568-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Wasylyk B., Kédinger C., Corden J., Brison O., Chambon P. Specific in vitro initiation of transcription on conalbumin and ovalbumin genes and comparison with adenovirus-2 early and late genes. Nature. 1980 Jun 5;285(5764):367–373. doi: 10.1038/285367a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Weil P. A., Luse D. S., Segall J., Roeder R. G. Selective and accurate initiation of transcription at the Ad2 major late promotor in a soluble system dependent on purified RNA polymerase II and DNA. Cell. 1979 Oct;18(2):469–484. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90065-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Wilson M. C., Fraser N. W., Darnell J. E., Jr Mapping of RNA initiation sites by high doses of uv irradiation: evidence for three independent promoters within the left 11% of the Ad-2 genome. Virology. 1979 Apr 15;94(1):175–184. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90447-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Wu G. J. Adenovirus DNA-directed transcription of 5.5S RNA in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 May;75(5):2175–2179. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.5.2175. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Zieve G., Penman S. Small RNA species of the HeLa cell: metabolism and subcellular localization. Cell. 1976 May;8(1):19–31. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90181-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Ziff E. B., Evans R. M. Coincidence of the promoter and capped 5' terminus of RNA from the adenovirus 2 major late transcription unit. Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1463–1475. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90070-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Ziff E. B. Transcription and RNA processing by the DNA tumour viruses. Nature. 1980 Oct 9;287(5782):491–499. doi: 10.1038/287491a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES