Abstract
The hormonal requirements for the regulation of the major urinary protein (MUP) mRNA levels in mouse liver have been examined. Previous experiments have shown that administration of testosterone to female or castrated male mice increases MUP mRNA levels approximately fivefold to normal male levels. We have found that thyroxine and the peptide hormone, growth hormone, each had a pronounced effect on MUP mRNA levels. MUP mRNA was reduced 150-fold in growth-hormone-deficient mutant mice (little). The administration of growth hormone and thyroxine induced MUP mRNA approximately 150-fold, and when administered together, they induced MUP mRNA approximately 1,000-fold. testosterone administration. When administered separately to these mice, growth hormone and thyroxine induced with MUP mRNA approximately 150-fold, and when administered together, they induced MUP mRNA approximately 1,000-fold. Testicular feminized mice, which lack a functional major testosterone receptor protein, can also be induced to male levels by treatment with both growth hormone and thyroxine. In addition, we present evidence which indicates that growth hormone, thyroxine, and testosterone differentially regulate the levels of distinct MUP mRNA species.
Full text
PDF








Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Alwine J. C., Kemp D. J., Stark G. R. Method for detection of specific RNAs in agarose gels by transfer to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and hybridization with DNA probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5350–5354. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5350. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Attardi B., Ono S. Cytosol androgen receptor from kidney of normal and testicular feminized (Tfm) mice. Cell. 1974 Aug;2(4):205–212. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(74)90012-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barth R. K., Gross K. W., Gremke L. C., Hastie N. D. Developmentally regulated mRNAs in mouse liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(2):500–504. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.500. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Beamer W. H., Eicher E. M. Stimulation of growth in the little mouse. J Endocrinol. 1976 Oct;71(1):37–45. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0710037. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bennett K. L., Lalley P. A., Barth R. K., Hastie N. D. Mapping the structural genes coding for the major urinary proteins in the mouse: combined use of recombinant inbred strains and somatic cell hybrids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(4):1220–1224. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.4.1220. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Berger F. G., Gross K. W., Watson G. Isolation and characterization of a DNA sequence complementary to an androgen-inducible messenger RNA from mouse kidney. J Biol Chem. 1981 Jul 10;256(13):7006–7013. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bishop J. O., Clark A. J., Clissold P. M., Hainey S., Francke U. Two main groups of mouse major urinary protein genes, both largely located on chromosome 4. EMBO J. 1982;1(5):615–620. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01217.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bruenn J., Bobek L., Brennan V., Held W. Yeast viral RNA polymerase is a transcriptase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jul 11;8(13):2985–2997. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.13.2985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bullock L. P., Bardin W. C. Androgen receptors in testicular feminization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1972 Dec;35(6):935–937. doi: 10.1210/jcem-35-6-935. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chatterjee B., Demyan W. F., Roy A. K. Interacting role of thyroxine and growth hormone in the hepatic synthesis of alpha 2u-globulin and its messenger RNA. J Biol Chem. 1983 Jan 10;258(1):688–692. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clissold P. M., Bishop J. O. Molecular cloning of cDNA sequences transcribed from mouse liver endoplasmic reticulum poly(A)mRNA. Gene. 1981 Nov;15(2-3):225–235. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(81)90132-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Derman E. Isolation of a cDNA clone for mouse urinary proteins: age- and sex-related expression of mouse urinary protein genes is transcriptionally controlled. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Sep;78(9):5425–5429. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.9.5425. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eicher E. M., Beamer W. G. Inherited ateliotic dwarfism in mice. Characteristics of the mutation, little, on chromosome 6. J Hered. 1976 Mar-Apr;67(2):87–91. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108682. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FINLAYSON J. S., BAUMANN C. A. Mouse proteinuria. Am J Physiol. 1958 Jan;192(1):69–72. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1957.192.1.69. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FINLAYSON J. S., POTTER M., RUNNER C. R. ELECTROPHORETIC VARIATION AND SEX DIMORPHISM OF THE MAJOR URINARY PROTEIN COMPLEX IN INBRED MICE: A NEW GENETIC MARKER. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1963 Jul;31:91–107. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Finlayson J. S., Asofsky R., Potter M., Runner C. C. Major urinary protein complex of normal mice: origin. Science. 1965 Aug 27;149(3687):981–982. doi: 10.1126/science.149.3687.981. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hainey S., Bishop J. O. Allelic variation at several different genetic loci determines the major urinary protein phenotype of inbred mouse strains. Genet Res. 1982 Feb;39(1):31–39. doi: 10.1017/s0016672300020723. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hastie N. D., Held W. A., Toole J. J. Multiple genes coding for the androgen-regulated major urinary proteins of the mouse. Cell. 1979 Jun;17(2):449–457. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90171-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Held W. A., West K., Gallagher J. F. Importance of initiation factor preparations in the translation of reovirus and globin mRNAs lacking a 5'-terminal 7-methylguanosine. J Biol Chem. 1977 Dec 10;252(23):8489–8497. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Krauter K., Leinwand L., D'Eustachio P., Ruddle F., Darnell J. E., Jr Structural genes of the mouse major urinary protein are on chromosome 4. J Cell Biol. 1982 Aug;94(2):414–417. doi: 10.1083/jcb.94.2.414. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kurtz D. T., Chan K. M., Feigelson P. Translational control of hepatic alpha2u globulin synthesis by growth hormone. Cell. 1978 Nov;15(3):743–750. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90260-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kurtz D. T., Feigelson P. Multihormonal induction of hepatic alpha2u-globulin mRNA as measured by hybridization to complementary DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Nov;74(11):4791–4795. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.11.4791. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kurtz D. T. Rat alpha 2u globulin is encoded by a multigene family. J Mol Appl Genet. 1981;1(1):29–38. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kurtz D. T., Sippel A. E., Ansah-Yiadom R., Feigelson P. Effects of sex hormones on the level of the messenger RNA for the rat hepatic protein alpha 2u globulin. J Biol Chem. 1976 Jun 25;251(12):3594–3598. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lynch K. R., Dolan K. P., Nakhasi H. L., Unterman R., Feigelson P. The role of growth hormone in alpha 2u globulin synthesis: a reexamination. Cell. 1982 Jan;28(1):185–189. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90388-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maniatis T., Jeffrey A., Kleid D. G. Nucleotide sequence of the rightward operator of phage lambda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Mar;72(3):1184–1188. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.3.1184. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Farrell P. H. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins. J Biol Chem. 1975 May 25;250(10):4007–4021. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roy A. K., Chatterjee B., Demyan W. F., Nath T. S., Motwani N. M. Pretranslational regulation of alpha 2u-globulin in rat liver by growth hormone. J Biol Chem. 1982 Jul 10;257(13):7834–7838. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roy A. K., Dowbenko D. J. Role of growth hormone in the multihormonal regulation of messenger RNA for alpha2u globulin in the liver of hypophysectomized rats. Biochemistry. 1977 Aug 23;16(17):3918–3922. doi: 10.1021/bi00636a030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roy A. K., Neuhaus O. W. Androgenic control of a sex-dependent protein in the rat. Nature. 1967 May 6;214(5088):618–620. doi: 10.1038/214618b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roy A. K., Neuhaus O. W. Proof of the hepatic synthesis of a sex-dependent protein in the rat. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1966 Sep 26;127(1):82–87. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(66)90478-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schreier M. H., Staehelin T. Initiation of mammalian protein synthesis: the importance of ribosome and initiation factor quality for the efficiency of in vitro systems. J Mol Biol. 1973 Feb 19;73(3):329–349. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90346-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shaw P. H., Held W. A., Hastie N. D. The gene family for major urinary proteins: expression in several secretory tissues of the mouse. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):755–761. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90061-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Swank R. T. Roles of growth hormone and testosterone in the synthesis of mouse kidney glucuronidase. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1978 Nov;12(2):139–149. doi: 10.1016/0303-7207(78)90110-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Szoka P. R., Gallagher J. F., Held W. A. In vitro synthesis and characterization of precursors to the mouse major urinary proteins. J Biol Chem. 1980 Feb 25;255(4):1367–1373. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Szoka P. R., Paigen K. Regulation of mouse major urinary protein production by the Mup-A gene. Genetics. 1978 Nov;90(3):597–612. doi: 10.1093/genetics/90.3.597. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THUNG P. J. Physiological proteinuria in mice. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Neerl. 1962;10:248–261. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]