Table 6.
Comparing the effects of incarceration and other father absence (reference group: father consistently resident between years 3 and 5)
| Model | Model 5: Lagged DV |
Model 6: Individual Fixed Effects |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | Father Incarceration |
Other Father Absence |
Coefficient comparison (P-value) |
Father Incarceration |
Other Father Absence |
Coefficient comparison (P-value) |
| Aggressive Behavior |
0.304 *** (0.064) |
0.107* (0.047) |
P=0.001** | 0.187* (0.077) |
0.033 (0.045) |
P=0.083 |
| Internalizing Behavior |
0.051 (0.062) |
0.075 (0.050) |
P=0.688 | −0.142 (0.085) |
−0.072 (0.051) |
P=0.481 |
| Attention problems |
0.241*** (0.068) |
0.105* (0.052) |
P=0.040* | −0.022 (0.093) |
−0.005 (0.054) |
P=0.879 |
| Child Health | −0.175 (0.178) |
−0.232 (0.151) |
P=0.734 | 0.010 (0.284) |
−0.015 (0.178) |
P=0.940 |
| Verbal Ability | 0.156 (0.887) |
−1.538* (0.728) |
P=0.049* | −1.603 (2.288) |
−2.174 (2.050) |
P=0.678 |
Notes: Standard Errors in parentheses.
Coefficients and odds ratios estimate effects of incarceration and absence between years 3 and 5 on child outcomes, compared to children whose fathers were neither incarcerated nor absent. Models control for full set of covariates, and child development at age 3.
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
***
p<.001