FIG. 3.

Effect of proinflammatory signals on SNRK expression. A: Effect of FFA on SNRK gene expression in cultured adipocytes. FFA mixture (cat. no. F7050; Sigma) was used at a final concentration of 0.25 μmol/L for 6 h. B: Effect of TNF-α on SNRK gene expression in cultured adipocytes. TNF-α was used at a final concentration of 25 ng/mL for 6 h. C: Effect of overexpressing the constitutively active IKKβ (IKKβ SE) on SNRK gene expression in L1-CAR adipocytes. D: Effect of intravenous lipid injection in lean mice on SNRK gene expression in isolated adipocytes. Epididymal fat pads were pooled from three mice in each group for adipocyte isolation 30 min after injection with liposyn II at 3 mL/kg/h. E: Effect of rosiglitazone (Rosi) treatment on SNRK gene expression in cultured adipocytes. Rosiglitazone was used at a final concentration of 10 μmol/L for 6 h. F: Effect of adipose tissue macrophage depletion on SNRK gene expression in lean and DIO mice (n = 4 in each group). Mice were 23 weeks old and on a high-fat diet for 19 weeks. Clodronate or PBS liposomes were injected into peritoneal cavity at the dose of 110 mg/kg. G: Effect of FFA on SNRK protein expression in cultured adipocytes. H: Effect of TNF-α on SNRK protein expression in cultured adipocytes. I: Effect of overexpressing IKKβ SE on SNRK protein expression in L1-CAR adipocytes. J: Effect of rosiglitazone treatment on SNRK protein expression in cultured adipocytes. *P < 0.05. For cell-based experiments, triplicate samples were used in gene expression and duplicate samples were used in protein expression. Results shown are representative from three independent experiments. Error bars stand for mean ± SE. Ab, antibody; Clod, clodronate liposomes; F, FFA; Lipid, liposyn II; PBS, PBS liposomes; R, rosiglitazone; T, TNF-α; V, vehicle; Veh, vehicle. (A high-quality color representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)