Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Journal of Clinical Investigation logoLink to The Journal of Clinical Investigation
. 1978 Dec;62(6):1154–1160. doi: 10.1172/JCI109234

Immunoregulation in humans: control of antitetanus toxoid antibody production after booster immunization.

R H Stevens, A Saxon
PMCID: PMC371879  PMID: 311781

Abstract

Booster immunization of normal individuals with soluble tetanus toxoid resulted in the ability of the individuals' peripheral blood lymphocytes to synthesize immunoglobulin (Ig)G antitetanus toxoid antibody in vitro when stimulated by pokeweed mitogen. The capacity for this in vitro antitetanus toxoid antibody response developed within 14 days after booster immunization, reached a peak between days 36--50, and disappeared by day 60. The inability of pokeweed mitogen to stimulate antitetanus toxoid antibody synthesis in vitro before booster immunization was not due to excess suppression by thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes but reflected insufficient numbers of functionally specific helper T lymphocytes and bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes. Antigen-specific T-lymphocyte suppression and decreased B-lymphocyte function were associated with the observed reduction of in vitro synthesis of antitetanus toxoid antibody from 20--60 days post-immunization. The in vitro kinetics of antitetanus toxoid antibody synthesis paralleled the synthesis of total IgG in that stimulation by pokeweed mitogen was required and that antibody secretion into the medium initiated by day 4 and increased through day 9.

Full text

PDF
1154

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ault K. A., Unanue E. R. Failure of B lymphocytes in human blood to regenerate surface immunoglobulin after its removal by antibody. J Immunol. 1977 Jul;119(1):327–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Benfari M. J., Cooperband S. R., Moolten F. L. Characterization of antigen-binding receptors in vitro. II. Antigen-binding capacity and affinity of lymphoid receptors after immunization. J Immunol. 1977 Oct;119(4):1432–1438. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Broder S., Poplack D., Whang-Peng J., Durm M., Goldman C., Muul L., Waldmann T. A. Characterization of a suppressor-cell leukemia. Evidence for the requirement of an interaction of two T cells in the development of human suppressor effector cells. N Engl J Med. 1978 Jan 12;298(2):66–72. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197801122980202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Buckley R. H., Gilbertsen R. B., Schiff R. I., Ferreira E., Sanal S. O., Waldmann T. A. Heterogeneity of lymphocyte subpopulations in severe combined immunodeficiency. Evidence against a stem cell defect. J Clin Invest. 1976 Jul;58(1):130–136. doi: 10.1172/JCI108441. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Böyum A. Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Isolation of monuclear cells by one centrifugation, and of granulocytes by combining centrifugation and sedimentation at 1 g. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1968;97:77–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chess L., MacDermott R. P., Schlossman S. F. Immunologic functions of isolated human lymphocyte subpopulations. II. Antigen triggering of T and B cells in vitro. J Immunol. 1974 Oct;113(4):1122–1127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Davie J. M., Paul W. E. Receptors on immunocompetent cells. II. Specificity and nature of receptors on dinitrophenylated guinea pig albumin- 125 I-binding lymphocytes of normal guinea pigs. J Exp Med. 1971 Aug 1;134(2):495–516. doi: 10.1084/jem.134.2.495. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Delfraissy J. F., Galanaud P., Dormont J., Wallon C. Primary in vitro antibody response from human peripheral blood lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1977 Feb;118(2):630–635. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dosch H-M, Gelfand E. W. Generation of human plaque-forming cells in culture: tissue distribution, antigenic and cellular requirements. J Immunol. 1977 Jan;118(1):302–308. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dosch H. M., Gelfand E. W. In vitro induction and measurement of hemolytic plaque forming cells in man. J Immunol Methods. 1976;11(2):107–116. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(76)90138-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fauci A. S., Pratt K. R. Activation of human B lymphocytes. I. Direct plaque-forming cell assay for the measurement of polyclonal activation and antigenic stimulation of human B lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1976 Sep 1;144(3):674–684. doi: 10.1084/jem.144.3.674. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Geha R. S., Mudawwar F., Schneeberger E. The specificity of T-cell helper factor in man. J Exp Med. 1977 Jun 1;145(6):1436–1448. doi: 10.1084/jem.145.6.1436. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Greaves M. F., Janossy G., Doenhoff M. Activation of human T and B lymphocytes by polyclonal mitogens. Nature. 1974 Apr 19;248(5450):698–701. doi: 10.1038/248698a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Greaves M. F., Roitt I. M. The effect of phytohaemagglutinin and other lymphocyte mitogens on immunoglobulin synthesis by human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol. 1968 Jun;3(5):393–412. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Haynes B. F., Fauci A. S. The differential effect of in vivo hydrocortisone on the kinetics of subpopulations of human peripheral blood thymus-derived lymphocytes. J Clin Invest. 1978 Mar;61(3):703–707. doi: 10.1172/JCI108982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Janossy G., Greaves M. Functional analysis of murine and human B lymphocyte subsets. Transplant Rev. 1975;24:177–236. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1975.tb00169.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Keightley R. G., Cooper M. D., Lawton A. R. The T cell dependence of B cell differentiation induced by pokeweed mitogen. J Immunol. 1976 Nov;117(5 Pt 1):1538–1544. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kessler S. W. Rapid isolation of antigens from cells with a staphylococcal protein A-antibody adsorbent: parameters of the interaction of antibody-antigen complexes with protein A. J Immunol. 1975 Dec;115(6):1617–1624. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Marchalonis J. J. An enzymic method for the trace iodination of immunoglobulins and other proteins. Biochem J. 1969 Jun;113(2):299–305. doi: 10.1042/bj1130299. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. McMichael A. J., Sasazuki T., McDevitt H. O. The immune response to diphtheria toxoid in humans. Transplant Proc. 1977 Mar;9(1 Suppl 1):191–194. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Moretta L., Ferrarini M., Mingari M. C., Moretta A., Webb S. R. Subpopulations of human T cells identified by receptors for immunoglobulins and mitogen responsiveness. J Immunol. 1976 Dec;117(6):2171–2174. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Moretta L., Mingari M. C., Webb S. R., Pearl E. R., Lydyard P. M., Grossi C. E., Lawton A. R., Cooper M. D. Imbalances in T cell subpopulations associated with immunodeficiency and autoimmune syndromes. Eur J Immunol. 1977 Oct;7(10):696–700. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830071009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Moretta L., Webb S. R., Grossi C. E., Lydyard P. M., Cooper M. D. Functional analysis of two human T-cell subpopulations: help and suppression of B-cell responses by T cells bearing receptors for IgM or IgG. J Exp Med. 1977 Jul 1;146(1):184–200. doi: 10.1084/jem.146.1.184. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Muchmore A. V., Koski I., Dooley N., Blaese R. M. Artifactual plaque formation in vitro and in vivo to passive transfer of specific antibody. J Immunol. 1976 Apr;116(4):1016–1019. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Paglieroni T., MacKenzie M. R. Studies on the pathogenesis of an immune defect in multiple myeloma. J Clin Invest. 1977 Jun;59(6):1120–1133. doi: 10.1172/JCI108736. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sasazuki T., Kohno Y., Iwamoto I., Tanimura M., Naito S. Association between an HLA haplotype and low responsiveness to tetanus toxoid in man. Nature. 1978 Mar 23;272(5651):359–361. doi: 10.1038/272359b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Saxon A., Feldhaus J., Robins R. A. Single step separation of human T and B cells using AET treated srbc rosettes. J Immunol Methods. 1976;12(3-4):285–288. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(76)90050-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Saxon A., Stevens R. H., Ramer S. J., Clements P. J., Yu D. T. Glucocorticoids administered in vivo inhibit human suppressor T lymphocyte function and diminish B lymphocyte responsiveness in in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis. J Clin Invest. 1978 Apr;61(4):922–930. doi: 10.1172/JCI109017. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Siegal F. P., Siegal M. Enhancement by irradiated T cells of human plasma cell production: dissection of helper and suppressor functions in vitro. J Immunol. 1977 Feb;118(2):642–647. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Siegal F. P., Siegal M., Good R. A. Suppression of B-cell differentiation by leukocytes from hypogammaglobulinemic patients. J Clin Invest. 1976 Jul;58(1):109–122. doi: 10.1172/JCI108439. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Unanue E. R. Antigen-binding cells. I. Their idenification and role in the immune response. J Immunol. 1971 Oct;107(4):1168–1174. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. UytdeHaag F., Heynen C. J., Ballieux R. E. Induction of antigen-specific human suppressor T lymphocytes in vitro. Nature. 1978 Feb 9;271(5645):556–557. doi: 10.1038/271556a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Waldmann T. A., Durm M., Broder S., Blackman M., Blaese R. M., Strober W. Role of suppressor T cells in pathogenesis of common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia. Lancet. 1974 Sep 14;2(7881):609–613. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91940-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Wu L. Y., Lawton A. R., Cooper M. D. Differentiation capacity of cultured B lymphocytes from immunodeficient patients. J Clin Invest. 1973 Dec;52(12):3180–3189. doi: 10.1172/JCI107518. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Zollinger W. D., Dalrymple J. M., Artenstein M. S. Analysis of parameters affecting the solid phase radioimmunoassay quantitation of antibody to meningococcal antigens. J Immunol. 1976 Nov;117(5 PT2):1788–1798. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Investigation are provided here courtesy of American Society for Clinical Investigation

RESOURCES