Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Journal of Clinical Investigation logoLink to The Journal of Clinical Investigation
. 1979 Jul;64(1):199–205. doi: 10.1172/JCI109440

Role of Cerebrospinal Fluid [H+] in Ventilatory Deacclimatization from Chronic Hypoxia

J A Dempsey 1,2,3, H V Forster 1,2,3, G E Bisgard 1,2,3, L W Chosy 1,2,3, P G Hanson 1,2,3, A L Kiorpes 1,2,3, D A Pelligrino 1,2,3
PMCID: PMC372106  PMID: 36411

Abstract

Once ventilatory acclimatization begins in sea level residents sojourning at high altitude, abrupt restoration of normal oxygen tensions will not restore ventilation to normal. We have investigated the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [H+] in this sustained hyperventilation by measuring CSF acid-base status in seven men (lumbar) and five ponies (cisternal) in normoxia, first at sea level and then periodically over 13-24 h of “deacclimatization” after 3-5 d in hypoxia (PB = 440 mm Hg). After 1 h deacclimatization, hyperventilation continued at a level only slightly less than that obtained in chronic hypoxia (+1−2 mm Hg PaCO2), whereas CSF pH was either equal (in man) or alkaline (in pony, +0.02, P < 0.01) to sea level values. Between 1 and 12-13 h deacclimatization in all humans and ponies Va fell progressively (PaCO2 increased 4-7 mm Hg) and CSF pH became increasingly more acid (−0.02 to −0.05, P < 0.01). Between 12 and 24 h of normoxic deacclimatization in ponies, PaCO2 rose further toward normal, coincident with an increasing acidity in CSF (−0.02 pH). Similar negative correlations were found between changes in arterial pH and Va throughout normoxic deacclimatization. We conclude that [H+] in the lumbar or cisternal CSF is not the mediator of the continued hyperventilation and its gradual dissipation with time during normoxic deacclimatization from chronic hypoxia. These negative relationships of Va to CSF [H+] in normoxia are analogous to those previously shown during acclimatization to hypoxia.

Full text

PDF
199

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ASTRAND P. O. The respiratory activity in man exposed to prolonged hypoxia. Acta Physiol Scand. 1954 May 15;30(4):343–368. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1954.tb01104.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bureau M., Bouverot P. Blood and CSF acid-base changes, and rate of ventilatory acclimatization of awake dogs to 3,550 m. Respir Physiol. 1975 Jul;24(2):203–216. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(75)90114-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cragg P., Patterson L., Purves M. J. The pH of brain extracellular fluid in the cat. J Physiol. 1977 Oct;272(1):137–166. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp012038. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Crawford R. D., Severinghaus J. W. CSF pH and ventilatory acclimatization to altitude. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1978 Aug;45(2):275–283. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1978.45.2.275. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dempsey J. A., Forster H. V., Birnbaum M. L., Reddan W. G., Thoden J., Grover R. F., Rankin J. Control of exercise hyperpnea under varying durations of exposure to moderate hypoxia. Respir Physiol. 1972 Oct;16(2):213–231. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(72)90052-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dempsey J. A., Forster H. V., Chosy L. W., Hanson P. G., Reddan W. G. Regulation of CSF[HCO3-] during long-term hypoxic hypocapnia in man. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1978 Feb;44(2):175–182. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1978.44.2.175. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dempsey J. A., Forster H. V., DoPico G. A. Ventilatory acclimatization to moderate hypoxemia in man. The role of spinal fluid (H+). J Clin Invest. 1974 Apr;53(4):1091–1100. doi: 10.1172/JCI107646. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dempsey J. A., Forster H. V., Gledhill N., doPico G. A. Effects of moderate hypoxemia and hypocapnia on CSF [H+] and ventilation in man. J Appl Physiol. 1975 Apr;38(4):665–674. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1975.38.4.665. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Forster H. V., Bisgard G. E., Rasmussen B., Orr J. A., Buss D. D., Manohar M. Ventilatory control in peripheral chemoreceptor-denervated ponies during chronic hypoxemia. J Appl Physiol. 1976 Dec;41(6):878–885. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1976.41.6.878. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Forster H. V., Dempsey J. A., Birnbaum M. L., Reddan W. G., Thoden J., Grover R. F., Rankin J. Effect of chronic exposure to hypoxia on ventilatory response to CO 2 and hypoxia. J Appl Physiol. 1971 Oct;31(4):586–592. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1971.31.4.586. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Forster H. V., Dempsey J. A., Chosy L. W. Incomplete compensation of CSF [H+] in man during acclimatization to high altitude (48300 M). J Appl Physiol. 1975 Jun;38(6):1067–1072. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1975.38.6.1067. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Forster H. V., Dempsey J. A., Thomson J., Vidruk E., DoPico G. A. Estimation of arterial PO2, PCO2, pH, and lactate from arterialized venous blood. J Appl Physiol. 1972 Jan;32(1):134–137. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1972.32.1.134. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Forster H. V., Dempsey J. A., Vidruk E., Do Pico G. Evidence of altered regulation of ventilation during exposure to hypoxia. Respir Physiol. 1974 Jun;20(3):379–392. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(74)90034-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Forster H. V., Soto R. J., Dempsey J. A., Hosko M. J. Effect of sojourn at 4,300 m altitude on electroencephalogram and visual evoked response. J Appl Physiol. 1975 Jul;39(1):109–113. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1975.39.1.109. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kellogg R. H. Oxygen and carbon dioxide in the regulation of respiration. Fed Proc. 1977 Apr;36(5):1658–1663. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lahiri S., Cherniack N. S., Edelman N. H., Fishman A. P. Regulation of respiration in goat and its adaptation to chronic and life-long hypoxia. Respir Physiol. 1971 Aug;12(3):388–403. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(71)90079-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Orr J. A., Bisgard G. E., Forster H. V., Buss D. D., Dempsey J. A., Will J. A. Cerebrospinal fluid alkalosis during high-altitude sojourn in unanesthetized ponies. Respir Physiol. 1975 Oct;25(1):23–37. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(75)90048-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. PAPPENHEIMER J. R., FENCL V., HEISEY S. R., HELD D. ROLE OF CEREBRAL FLUIDS IN CONTROL OF RESPIRATION AS STUDIED IN UNANESTHETIZED GOATS. Am J Physiol. 1965 Mar;208:436–450. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1965.208.3.436. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. REED D. J., KELLOGG R. H. Effect of sleep on CO2 stimulation of breathing in acute and chronic hypoxia. J Appl Physiol. 1960 Nov;15:1135–1138. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1960.15.6.1135. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. REED D. J., KELLOGG R. H. Effect of sleep on hypoxic stimulation of breathing at sea level and altitude. J Appl Physiol. 1960 Nov;15:1130–1134. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1960.15.6.1130. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. SEVERINGHAUS J. W., MITCHELL R. A., RICHARDSON B. W., SINGER M. M. RESPIRATORY CONTROL AT HIGH ALTITUDE SUGGESTING ACTIVE TRANSPORT REGULATION OF CSF PH. J Appl Physiol. 1963 Nov;18:1155–1166. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1963.18.6.1155. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schmeling W. T., Forster H. V., Hosko M. J. Effect of sojourn at 3200-m altitude on spinal reflexes in young adult males. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1977 Nov;48(11):1039–1045. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Tenney S. M., Ou L. C. Hypoxic ventilatory response of cats at high altitude: an interpretation of 'blunting'. Respir Physiol. 1977 Jun;30(1-2):185–199. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(77)90030-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Weiskopf R. B., Gabel R. A., Fencl V. Alkaline shift in lumbar and intracranial CSF in man after 5 days at high altitude. J Appl Physiol. 1976 Jul;41(1):93–97. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1976.41.1.93. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Will J. A., Bisgard G. E. Cardiac catheterization of unanesthetized large domestic animals. J Appl Physiol. 1972 Sep;33(3):400–401. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1972.33.3.400. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Investigation are provided here courtesy of American Society for Clinical Investigation

RESOURCES