Table 2.

Summary of in vivo studies of dietary polyphenols against oral cancer.

Compound	Animal studies	Treatment dose, route, and duration	Target/Outcome (Reference)
EGCG	Immuno-deficient nude mice	10–20 mg/kg/day, oral gavage, 45 days	Inhibition of tumor growth and cell invasion [35]
EGCG	MBN-treated HBP carcinomas	0.2%, drinking water, 9 weeks	Decreasing the incidence of carcinomas and APP expression [26]
EGCG and EGC	Wistar strain rats	200 mg/kg/day, oral gavage, 13 weeks	Inhibiting Phase I enzymes to deactivate carcinogen, inducing Phase II enzymes to detoxify 4-NQO [71]
(−)-Gossypol	Athymic nude mice	5 and 15 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal, 91 days	Inhibiting tumor growth [74]
GTPs	DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis in golden Syrian hamsters	0.5%–1.5%, drinking water, 15 weeks	Inhibiting oral carcinogenesis, protecting from DNA damage and suppression of cell proliferation [64]
GTPs	Wistar strain rats	200 mg/kg/day, oral gavage, 30 days	Reducing oxidant production and enhancing cellular thiol status to mitigate oral cancer and attenuating MC activation [72,73]
Polyphenon-B	DMBA-induced HBP carcinogenesis	0.05% and 0.2%, diet, 14 weeks	Decreasing cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis by downregulating PCNA, NF-κB, p53 and Bcl-2 and upregulating Bax, Fas and caspase 3 expression [69]
Polyphenon-B and BTF-35	DMBA-induced HBP carcinogenesis	0.05% and 0.2%, diet, 14 weeks	Inhibiting oxidative DNA damage and modulating xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes [75]
Polyphenon-E and Polyphenon-B	DMBA-induced HBP carcinogenesis	0.05%, diet, 18 weeks	Inhibiting HBP carcinogenesis and modulating carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and the redox status [65,67,68]