Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Microbiological Reviews logoLink to Microbiological Reviews
. 1990 Mar;54(1):18–51. doi: 10.1128/mr.54.1.18-51.1990

Nucleotide excision repair in Escherichia coli.

B Van Houten 1
PMCID: PMC372757  PMID: 2181258

Abstract

One of the best-studied DNA repair pathways is nucleotide excision repair, a process consisting of DNA damage recognition, incision, excision, repair resynthesis, and DNA ligation. Escherichia coli has served as a model organism for the study of this process. Recently, many of the proteins that mediate E. coli nucleotide excision have been purified to homogeneity; this had led to a molecular description of this repair pathway. One of the key repair enzymes of this pathway is the UvrABC nuclease complex. The individual subunits of this enzyme cooperate in a complex series of partial reactions to bind to and incise the DNA near a damaged nucleotide. The UvrABC complex displays a remarkable substrate diversity. Defining the structural features of DNA lesions that provide the specificity for damage recognition by the UvrABC complex is of great importance, since it represents a unique form of protein-DNA interaction. Using a number of in vitro assays, researchers have been able to elucidate the action mechanism of the UvrABC nuclease complex. Current research is devoted to understanding how these complex events are mediated within the living cell.

Full text

PDF
18

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ahmad S. I., Holland I. B. Isolation and analysis of a mutant of Escherichia coli hyper-resistant to near-ultraviolet light plus 8-methoxypsoralen. Mutat Res. 1985 Aug;151(1):43–47. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(85)90180-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Arikan E., Kulkarni M. S., Thomas D. C., Sancar A. Sequences of the E. coli uvrB gene and protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Mar 25;14(6):2637–2650. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.6.2637. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Attfield P. V., Benson F. E., Lloyd R. G. Analysis of the ruv locus of Escherichia coli K-12 and identification of the gene product. J Bacteriol. 1985 Oct;164(1):276–281. doi: 10.1128/jb.164.1.276-281.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BOYCE R. P., HOWARD-FLANDERS P. RELEASE OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT-INDUCED THYMINE DIMERS FROM DNA IN E. COLI K-12. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Feb;51:293–300. doi: 10.1073/pnas.51.2.293. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Backendorf C., Olsthoorn R., van de Putte P. Superhelical stress restrained in plasmid DNA during repair synthesis initiated by the UvrA, B and C proteins in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Dec 25;17(24):10337–10351. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.24.10337. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Backendorf C., Spaink H., Barbeiro A. P., van de Putte P. Structure of the uvrB gene of Escherichia coli. Homology with other DNA repair enzymes and characterization of the uvrB5 mutation. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Apr 11;14(7):2877–2890. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.7.2877. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Becerril B., Valle F., Merino E., Riba L., Bolivar F. Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences in the Escherichia coli gdhA gene. Gene. 1985;37(1-3):53–62. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90257-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Beck D. J., Popoff S., Sancar A., Rupp W. D. Reactions of the UVRABC excision nuclease with DNA damaged by diamminedichloroplatinum(II). Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Oct 25;13(20):7395–7412. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.20.7395. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Benson F. E., Illing G. T., Sharples G. J., Lloyd R. G. Nucleotide sequencing of the ruv region of Escherichia coli K-12 reveals a LexA regulated operon encoding two genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Feb 25;16(4):1541–1549. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.4.1541. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Berg J. M. Potential metal-binding domains in nucleic acid binding proteins. Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):485–487. doi: 10.1126/science.2421409. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Berg J. M. Proposed structure for the zinc-binding domains from transcription factor IIIA and related proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jan;85(1):99–102. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.1.99. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Berg O. G. Selection of DNA binding sites by regulatory proteins: the LexA protein and the arginine repressor use different strategies for functional specificity. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Jun 10;16(11):5089–5105. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.11.5089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Berg O. G., von Hippel P. H. Diffusion-controlled macromolecular interactions. Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem. 1985;14:131–160. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bb.14.060185.001023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Bertrand-Burggraf E., Hurstel S., Daune M., Schnarr M. Promoter properties and negative regulation of the uvrA gene by the LexA repressor and its amino-terminal DNA binding domain. J Mol Biol. 1987 Jan 20;193(2):293–302. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90220-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Bichara M., Fuchs R. P. uvrC gene function has no specific role in repair of N-2-aminofluorene adducts. J Bacteriol. 1987 Jan;169(1):423–426. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.1.423-426.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Bohr V. A., Phillips D. H., Hanawalt P. C. Heterogeneous DNA damage and repair in the mammalian genome. Cancer Res. 1987 Dec 15;47(24 Pt 1):6426–6436. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Boyle J. M., Paterson M. C., Setlow R. B. Excision-repair properties of an Escherichia coli mutant deficient in DNA polymerase. Nature. 1970 May 23;226(5247):708–710. doi: 10.1038/226708a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Bramhill D., Kornberg A. A model for initiation at origins of DNA replication. Cell. 1988 Sep 23;54(7):915–918. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90102-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Brandsma J. A., de Ruijter M., Brouwer J., van de Putte P. Identification of the uvrA6 mutation of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1988 Feb;170(2):1012–1014. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.2.1012-1014.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Brash D. E., Franklin W. A., Sancar G. B., Sancar A., Haseltine W. A. Escherichia coli DNA photolyase reverses cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers but not pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts. J Biol Chem. 1985 Sep 25;260(21):11438–11441. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Braun A., Grossman L. An endonuclease from Escherichia coli that acts preferentially on UV-irradiated DNA and is absent from the uvrA and uvrB mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 May;71(5):1838–1842. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.5.1838. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Bridges B. A. Further characterization of repair of 8-methoxypsoralen crosslinks in UV-excision-defective Escherichia coli. Mutat Res. 1984 Nov-Dec;132(5-6):153–160. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(84)90033-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Bridges B. A., Mottershead R. P. Inactivation of Escherichia coli by near-ultraviolet light and 8-methoxypsoralen: different responses of strains B/r and K-12. J Bacteriol. 1979 Aug;139(2):454–459. doi: 10.1128/jb.139.2.454-459.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Bridges B. A. Psoralens and serendipity: aspects of the genetic toxicology of 8-methoxypsoralen. Environ Mutagen. 1983;5(3):329–339. doi: 10.1002/em.2860050311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Bridges B. A., Stannard M. A new pathway for repair of cross-linkable 8-methoxypsoralen mono-adducts in Uvr strains of Escherichia coli. Mutat Res. 1982 Feb 22;92(1-2):9–14. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(82)90205-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Bridges B. A., von Wright A. Influence of mutations at the rep gene on survival of Escherichia coli following ultraviolet light irradiation or 8-methoxypsoralen photosensitization: evidence for a recA+ rep+-dependent pathway for repair of DNA crosslinks. Mutat Res. 1981 Jul;82(2):229–238. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(81)90152-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Brouwer J., Vollebregt L., van de Putte P. The role of the excision-repair enzymes in mutation-induction by cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Aug 11;16(15):7703–7711. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.15.7703. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Broyles S. S., Pettijohn D. E. Interaction of the Escherichia coli HU protein with DNA. Evidence for formation of nucleosome-like structures with altered DNA helical pitch. J Mol Biol. 1986 Jan 5;187(1):47–60. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90405-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Burnouf D., Duane M., Fuchs R. P. Spectrum of cisplatin-induced mutations in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(11):3758–3762. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.11.3758. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Caron P. R., Grossman L. Incision of damaged versus nondamaged DNA by the Escherichia coli UvrABC proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Aug 25;16(16):7855–7865. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.16.7855. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Caron P. R., Grossman L. Involvement of a cryptic ATPase activity of UvrB and its proteolysis product, UvrB* in DNA repair. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Oct 25;16(20):9651–9662. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.20.9651. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Caron P. R., Grossman L. Potential role of proteolysis in the control of UvrABC incision. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Oct 25;16(20):9641–9650. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.20.9641. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Caron P. R., Kushner S. R., Grossman L. Involvement of helicase II (uvrD gene product) and DNA polymerase I in excision mediated by the uvrABC protein complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Aug;82(15):4925–4929. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.15.4925. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Carpousis A. J., Gralla J. D. Interaction of RNA polymerase with lacUV5 promoter DNA during mRNA initiation and elongation. Footprinting, methylation, and rifampicin-sensitivity changes accompanying transcription initiation. J Mol Biol. 1985 May 25;183(2):165–177. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90210-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Cassuto E., Gross N., Bardwell E., Howard-Flanders P. Genetic effects of photoadducts and photocross-links in the DNA of phage lambda exposed to 360 nm light and tri-methylpsoralen or khellin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1977 Apr 19;475(4):589–600. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(77)90319-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Chambers R. W., Sledziewska-Gojska E., Hirani-Hojatti S., Borowy-Borowski H. uvrA and recA mutations inhibit a site-specific transition produced by a single O6-methylguanine in gene G of bacteriophage phi X174. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(21):7173–7177. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.21.7173. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Chary K. V., Modi S., Hosur R. V., Govil G., Chen C. Q., Miles H. T. Quantification of DNA structure from NMR data: conformation of d-ACATCGATGT. Biochemistry. 1989 Jun 13;28(12):5240–5249. doi: 10.1021/bi00438a048. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Cheng S., Van Houten B., Gamper H. B., Sancar A., Hearst J. E. Use of psoralen-modified oligonucleotides to trap three-stranded RecA-DNA complexes and repair of these cross-linked complexes by ABC excinuclease. J Biol Chem. 1988 Oct 15;263(29):15110–15117. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Chu G., Chang E. Xeroderma pigmentosum group E cells lack a nuclear factor that binds to damaged DNA. Science. 1988 Oct 28;242(4878):564–567. doi: 10.1126/science.3175673. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Cole R. S., Levitan D., Sinden R. R. Removal of psoralen interstrand cross-links from DNA of Escherichia coli: mechanism and genetic control. J Mol Biol. 1976 May 5;103(1):39–59. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90051-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Cole R. S. Repair of DNA containing interstrand crosslinks in Escherichia coli: sequential excision and recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Apr;70(4):1064–1068. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.4.1064. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Cooper P. K., Hanawalt P. C. Role of DNA polymerase I and the rec system in excision-repair in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 May;69(5):1156–1160. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.5.1156. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Cozzarelli N. R. DNA gyrase and the supercoiling of DNA. Science. 1980 Feb 29;207(4434):953–960. doi: 10.1126/science.6243420. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Crumplin G. C. The involvement of DNA topoisomerases in DNA repair and mutagenesis. Carcinogenesis. 1981;2(2):157–160. doi: 10.1093/carcin/2.2.157. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Cupido M., Bridges B. A. Uvr-independent repair of 8-methoxypsoralen crosslinks in Escherichia coli: evidence for a recombinational process. Mutat Res. 1985 Sep;146(2):135–141. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(85)90003-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Doolittle R. F., Johnson M. S., Husain I., Van Houten B., Thomas D. C., Sancar A. Domainal evolution of a prokaryotic DNA repair protein and its relationship to active-transport proteins. Nature. 1986 Oct 2;323(6087):451–453. doi: 10.1038/323451a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Douc-Rasy S., Kolb A., Prunell A. Protein-induced unwinding of DNA: measurement by gel electrophoresis of complexes with DNA minicircles. Application to restriction endonuclease EcoRI, catabolite gene activator protein and lac repressor. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jul 11;17(13):5173–5189. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.13.5173. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Drew H. R., Travers A. A. DNA structural variations in the E. coli tyrT promoter. Cell. 1984 Jun;37(2):491–502. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90379-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Drew H. R., Wing R. M., Takano T., Broka C., Tanaka S., Itakura K., Dickerson R. E. Structure of a B-DNA dodecamer: conformation and dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2179–2183. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.4.2179. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Drlica K., Rouviere-Yaniv J. Histonelike proteins of bacteria. Microbiol Rev. 1987 Sep;51(3):301–319. doi: 10.1128/mr.51.3.301-319.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Fairall L., Rhodes D., Klug A. Mapping of the sites of protection on a 5 S RNA gene by the Xenopus transcription factor IIIA. A model for the interaction. J Mol Biol. 1986 Dec 5;192(3):577–591. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90278-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Fogliano M., Schendel P. F. Evidence for the inducibility of the uvrB operon. Nature. 1981 Jan 15;289(5794):196–198. doi: 10.1038/289196a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Forster J. W., Strike P. Analysis of the regulatory elements of the Escherichia coli uvrC gene by construction of operon fusions. Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Mar;211(3):531–537. doi: 10.1007/BF00425712. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Foury F., Lahaye A. Cloning and sequencing of the PIF gene involved in repair and recombination of yeast mitochondrial DNA. EMBO J. 1987 May;6(5):1441–1449. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02385.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Fram R. J., Sullivan J., Marinus M. G. Mutagenesis and repair of DNA damage caused by nitrogen mustard, N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU), streptozotocin, and mitomycin C in E. coli. Mutat Res. 1986 Nov;166(3):299–242. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Franklin W. A., Haseltine W. A. Removal of UV light-induced pyrimidine-pyrimidone(6-4) products from Escherichia coli DNA requires the uvrA, uvrB, and urvC gene products. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jun;81(12):3821–3824. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.12.3821. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Friedberg E. C. The molecular biology of nucleotide excision repair of DNA: recent progress. J Cell Sci Suppl. 1987;6:1–23. doi: 10.1242/jcs.1984.supplement_6.1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Friedman D. I. Integration host factor: a protein for all reasons. Cell. 1988 Nov 18;55(4):545–554. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90213-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Fuchs R. P., Seeberg E. pBR322 plasmid DNA modified with 2-acetylaminofluorene derivatives: transforming activity and in vitro strand cleavage by the Escherichia coli uvrABC endonuclease. EMBO J. 1984 Apr;3(4):757–760. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01880.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Gamper H. B., Hearst J. E. A topological model for transcription based on unwinding angle analysis of E. coli RNA polymerase binary, initiation and ternary complexes. Cell. 1982 May;29(1):81–90. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90092-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Gamper H. B., Straub K., Calvin M., Bartholomew J. C. DNA alkylation and unwinding induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide: modulation by ionic strength and superhelicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Apr;77(4):2000–2004. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.4.2000. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Gellert M. DNA topoisomerases. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:879–910. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.004311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Germanier M., Defais M., Johnson N. P., Villani G. Repair of platinum-DNA lesions in E. coli by a pathway which does not recognize DNA damage caused by MNNG or UV light. Mutat Res. 1985 Jan-Mar;145(1-2):35–41. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(85)90037-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Gorman C. M., Moffat L. F., Howard B. H. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Sep;2(9):1044–1051. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.9.1044. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Granger-Schnarr M., Schnarr M., van Sluis C. A. In vitro study of the interaction of the LexA repressor and the UvrC protein with a uvrC regulatory region. FEBS Lett. 1986 Mar 17;198(1):61–65. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)81185-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Graves D. E., Stone M. P., Krugh T. R. Structure of the anthramycin-d(ATGCAT)2 adduct from one- and two-dimensional proton NMR experiments in solution. Biochemistry. 1985 Dec 17;24(26):7573–7581. doi: 10.1021/bi00347a011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Grossman L., Caron P. R., Mazur S. J., Oh E. Y. Repair of DNA-containing pyrimidine dimers. FASEB J. 1988 Aug;2(11):2696–2701. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.2.11.3294078. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Grossman L. Enzymes involved in the repair of damaged DNA. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1981 Oct 15;211(2):511–522. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90485-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Gruskin E. A., Lloyd R. S. Molecular analysis of plasmid DNA repair within ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli. I. T4 endonuclease V-initiated excision repair. J Biol Chem. 1988 Sep 5;263(25):12728–12737. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Gruskin E. A., Lloyd R. S. Molecular analysis of plasmid DNA repair within ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli. II. UvrABC-initiated excision repair and photolyase-catalyzed dimer monomerization. J Biol Chem. 1988 Sep 5;263(25):12738–12743. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. HANAWALT P. C., HAYNES R. H. REPAIR REPLICATION OF DNA IN BACTERIA: IRRELEVANCE OF CHEMICAL NATURE OF BASE DEFECT. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1965 May 3;19:462–467. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(65)90147-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. HILL R. F. A radiation-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1958 Dec;30(3):636–637. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(58)90112-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. HOWARD-FLANDERS P., THERIOT L. A method for selecting radiation-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli. Genetics. 1962 Sep;47:1219–1224. doi: 10.1093/genetics/47.9.1219. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Hanawalt P. C., Cooper P. K., Ganesan A. K., Smith C. A. DNA repair in bacteria and mammalian cells. Annu Rev Biochem. 1979;48:783–836. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.48.070179.004031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Hansson J., Wood R. D. Repair synthesis by human cell extracts in DNA damaged by cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Oct 25;17(20):8073–8091. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.20.8073. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Haran T. E., Crothers D. M. Phased psoralen cross-links do not bend the DNA double helix. Biochemistry. 1988 Sep 6;27(18):6967–6971. doi: 10.1021/bi00418a044. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Hays J. B., Boehmer S. Antagonists of DNA gyrase inhibit repair and recombination of UV-irradiated phage lambda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Sep;75(9):4125–4129. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.9.4125. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. Hendrickson W. G., Kusano T., Yamaki H., Balakrishnan R., King M., Murchie J., Schaechter M. Binding of the origin of replication of Escherichia coli to the outer membrane. Cell. 1982 Oct;30(3):915–923. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90296-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Hingerty B. E., Broyde S. Energy minimized structures of carcinogen-DNA adducts: 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-aminofluorene. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 1986 Dec;4(3):365–372. doi: 10.1080/07391102.1986.10506355. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Hogan M. E., Dattagupta N., Whitlock J. P., Jr Carcinogen-induced alteration of DNA structure. J Biol Chem. 1981 May 10;256(9):4504–4513. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Howard-Flanders P., Boyce R. P., Theriot L. Three loci in Escherichia coli K-12 that control the excision of pyrimidine dimers and certain other mutagen products from DNA. Genetics. 1966 Jun;53(6):1119–1136. doi: 10.1093/genetics/53.6.1119. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Hsieh C. H., Griffith J. D. Deletions of bases in one strand of duplex DNA, in contrast to single-base mismatches, produce highly kinked molecules: possible relevance to the folding of single-stranded nucleic acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(13):4833–4837. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.13.4833. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Husain I., Chaney S. G., Sancar A. Repair of cis-platinum-DNA adducts by ABC excinuclease in vivo and in vitro. J Bacteriol. 1985 Sep;163(3):817–823. doi: 10.1128/jb.163.3.817-823.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Husain I., Griffith J., Sancar A. Thymine dimers bend DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2558–2562. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.8.2558. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Husain I., Sancar G. B., Holbrook S. R., Sancar A. Mechanism of damage recognition by Escherichia coli DNA photolyase. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 25;262(27):13188–13197. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Husain I., Van Houten B., Thomas D. C., Abdel-Monem M., Sancar A. Effect of DNA polymerase I and DNA helicase II on the turnover rate of UvrABC excision nuclease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(20):6774–6778. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.20.6774. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Husain I., Van Houten B., Thomas D. C., Sancar A. Sequences of Escherichia coli uvrA gene and protein reveal two potential ATP binding sites. J Biol Chem. 1986 Apr 15;261(11):4895–4901. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  88. Ikenaga M., Ichikawa-Ryo H., Kondo S. The major cause of inactivation and mutation by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oixde in Escherichia coli: excisable 4NQO-purine adducts. J Mol Biol. 1975 Feb 25;92(2):341–356. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90233-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  89. Jones B. K., Yeung A. T. Repair of 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen monoadducts and cross-links by the Escherichia coli UvrABC endonuclease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Nov;85(22):8410–8414. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.22.8410. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  90. Jones J. S., Weber S., Prakash L. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD18 gene encodes a protein that contains potential zinc finger domains for nucleic acid binding and a putative nucleotide binding sequence. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Jul 25;16(14B):7119–7131. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.14.7119. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  91. Kacinski B. M., Rupp W. D. E. coli uvrB protein binds to DNA in the presence of uvrA protein. Nature. 1981 Dec 3;294(5840):480–481. doi: 10.1038/294480a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  92. Kacinski B. M., Rupp W. D. Interactions of the UVRABC endonuclease in vivo and in vitro with DNA damage produced by antineoplastic anthracyclines. Cancer Res. 1984 Aug;44(8):3489–3492. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  93. Kacinski B. M., Rupp W. D., Ludlum D. B. Repair of haloethylnitrosourea-induced DNA damage in mutant and adapted bacteria. Cancer Res. 1985 Dec;45(12 Pt 1):6471–6474. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. Kacinski B. M., Sancar A., Rupp W. D. A general approach for purifying proteins encoded by cloned genes without using a functional assay: isolation of the uvrA gene product from radiolabeled maxicells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Sep 25;9(18):4495–4508. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.18.4495. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  95. Kalnik M. W., Chang C. N., Johnson F., Grollman A. P., Patel D. J. NMR studies of abasic sites in DNA duplexes: deoxyadenosine stacks into the helix opposite acyclic lesions. Biochemistry. 1989 Apr 18;28(8):3373–3383. doi: 10.1021/bi00434a037. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  96. Kalnik M. W., Li B. F., Swann P. F., Patel D. J. O6-ethylguanine carcinogenic lesions in DNA: an NMR study of O6etG.C pairing in dodecanucleotide duplexes. Biochemistry. 1989 Jul 25;28(15):6182–6192. doi: 10.1021/bi00441a009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  97. Kalnik M. W., Li B. F., Swann P. F., Patel D. J. O6-ethylguanine carcinogenic lesions in DNA: an NMR study of O6etG.T pairing in dodecanucleotide duplexes. Biochemistry. 1989 Jul 25;28(15):6170–6181. doi: 10.1021/bi00441a008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  98. Kato T. Excision repair characteristics of recB - res - and uvrC - strains of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1972 Dec;112(3):1237–1246. doi: 10.1128/jb.112.3.1237-1246.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  99. Kemmink J., Boelens R., Koning T. M., Kaptein R., van der Marel G. A., van Boom J. H. Conformational changes in the oligonucleotide duplex d(GCGTTGCG) x d(CGCAACGC) induced by formation of a cis-syn thymine dimer. A two-dimensional NMR study. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Jan 2;162(1):37–43. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb10538.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  100. Kim R., Modrich P., Kim S. H. 'Interactive' recognition in EcoRI restriction enzyme-DNA complex. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Oct 11;12(19):7285–7292. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.19.7285. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  101. Kohwi Y. Cationic metal-specific structures adopted by the poly(dG) region and the direct repeats in the chicken adult beta A globin gene promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jun 26;17(12):4493–4502. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.12.4493. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  102. Kuemmerle N. B., Masker W. E. An in vitro complementation assay for the Escherichia coli uvrD gene product. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Apr 11;11(7):2193–2204. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.7.2193. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  103. Kuemmerle N. B., Masker W. E. Effect of the uvrD mutation on excision repair. J Bacteriol. 1980 May;142(2):535–546. doi: 10.1128/jb.142.2.535-546.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  104. Kuemmerle N., Ley R., Masker W. Analysis of resynthesis tracts in repaired Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid. J Bacteriol. 1981 Aug;147(2):333–339. doi: 10.1128/jb.147.2.333-339.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  105. Kumura K., Sekiguchi M., Steinum A. L., Seeberg E. Stimulation of the UvrABC enzyme-catalyzed repair reactions by the UvrD protein (DNA helicase II). Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Mar 11;13(5):1483–1492. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.5.1483. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  106. Lahue R. S., Au K. G., Modrich P. DNA mismatch correction in a defined system. Science. 1989 Jul 14;245(4914):160–164. doi: 10.1126/science.2665076. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  107. Lambert B., Jones B. K., Roques B. P., Le Pecq J. B., Yeung A. T. The noncovalent complex between DNA and the bifunctional intercalator ditercalinium is a substrate for the UvrABC endonuclease of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6557–6561. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.17.6557. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  108. Lambert B., Laugâa P., Roques B. P., le Pecq J. B. Cytotoxicity and SOS-inducing ability of ethidium and photoactivable analogs on E. coli ethidium-bromide-sensitive (Ebs) strains. Mutat Res. 1986 Nov;166(3):243–254. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(86)90024-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  109. Lambert B., Roques B. P., Le Pecq J. B. Induction of an abortive and futile DNA repair process in E. coli by the antitumor DNA bifunctional intercalator, ditercalinium: role in polA in death induction. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Feb 11;16(3):1063–1078. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.3.1063. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  110. Lee M. S., Gippert G. P., Soman K. V., Case D. A., Wright P. E. Three-dimensional solution structure of a single zinc finger DNA-binding domain. Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):635–637. doi: 10.1126/science.2503871. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  111. Lin J. J., Sancar A. A new mechanism for repairing oxidative damage to DNA: (A)BC excinuclease removes AP sites and thymine glycols from DNA. Biochemistry. 1989 Oct 3;28(20):7979–7984. doi: 10.1021/bi00446a002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  112. Lin P. F., Bardwell E., Howard-Flanders P. Initiation of genetic exchanges in lambda phage--prophage crosses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Jan;74(1):291–295. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.1.291. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  113. Liu-Johnson H. N., Gartenberg M. R., Crothers D. M. The DNA binding domain and bending angle of E. coli CAP protein. Cell. 1986 Dec 26;47(6):995–1005. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90814-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  114. Lloyd R. G., Porton M. C., Buckman C. Effect of recF, recJ, recN, recO and ruv mutations on ultraviolet survival and genetic recombination in a recD strain of Escherichia coli K12. Mol Gen Genet. 1988 May;212(2):317–324. doi: 10.1007/BF00334702. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  115. Lohman T. M. Kinetics of protein-nucleic acid interactions: use of salt effects to probe mechanisms of interaction. CRC Crit Rev Biochem. 1986;19(3):191–245. doi: 10.3109/10409238609084656. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  116. Lu C., Echols H. RecA protein and SOS. Correlation of mutagenesis phenotype with binding of mutant RecA proteins to duplex DNA and LexA cleavage. J Mol Biol. 1987 Aug 5;196(3):497–504. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90027-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  117. Matson S. W. Escherichia coli helicase II (urvD gene product) translocates unidirectionally in a 3' to 5' direction. J Biol Chem. 1986 Aug 5;261(22):10169–10175. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  118. Mazen A., Menissier-de Murcia J., Molinete M., Simonin F., Gradwohl G., Poirier G., de Murcia G. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase: a novel finger protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jun 26;17(12):4689–4698. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.12.4689. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  119. McClarin J. A., Frederick C. A., Wang B. C., Greene P., Boyer H. W., Grable J., Rosenberg J. M. Structure of the DNA-Eco RI endonuclease recognition complex at 3 A resolution. Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1526–1541. doi: 10.1126/science.3024321. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  120. McClure W. R. Mechanism and control of transcription initiation in prokaryotes. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:171–204. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.001131. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  121. Mellon I., Hanawalt P. C. Induction of the Escherichia coli lactose operon selectively increases repair of its transcribed DNA strand. Nature. 1989 Nov 2;342(6245):95–98. doi: 10.1038/342095a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  122. Mellon I., Spivak G., Hanawalt P. C. Selective removal of transcription-blocking DNA damage from the transcribed strand of the mammalian DHFR gene. Cell. 1987 Oct 23;51(2):241–249. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90151-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  123. Miller J., McLachlan A. D., Klug A. Repetitive zinc-binding domains in the protein transcription factor IIIA from Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J. 1985 Jun;4(6):1609–1614. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03825.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  124. Moolenaar G. F., van Sluis C. A., Backendorf C., van de Putte P. Regulation of the Escherichia coli excision repair gene uvrC. Overlap between the uvrC structural gene and the region coding for a 24 kD protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 May 26;15(10):4273–4289. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.10.4273. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  125. Morimyo M., Shimazu Y. Evidence that the gene uvrB is indispensable for a polymerase I deficient strain of Escherichia coli K-12. Mol Gen Genet. 1976 Sep 23;147(3):243–250. doi: 10.1007/BF00582875. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  126. Murray M. L. Substrate-specificity of uvr excision repair. Environ Mutagen. 1979;1(4):347–352. doi: 10.1002/em.2860010406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  127. Myles G. M., Sancar A. DNA repair. Chem Res Toxicol. 1989 Jul-Aug;2(4):197–226. doi: 10.1021/tx00010a001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  128. Myles G. M., Van Houten B., Sancar A. Utilization of DNA photolyase, pyrimidine dimer endonucleases, and alkali hydrolysis in the analysis of aberrant ABC excinuclease incisions adjacent to UV-induced DNA photoproducts. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Feb 11;15(3):1227–1243. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.3.1227. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  129. Navaratnam S., Myles G. M., Strange R. W., Sancar A. Evidence from extended X-ray absorption fine structure and site-specific mutagenesis for zinc fingers in UvrA protein of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 25;264(27):16067–16071. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  130. Nordlund T. M., Andersson S., Nilsson L., Rigler R., Gräslund A., McLaughlin L. W. Structure and dynamics of a fluorescent DNA oligomer containing the EcoRI recognition sequence: fluorescence, molecular dynamics, and NMR studies. Biochemistry. 1989 Nov 14;28(23):9095–9103. doi: 10.1021/bi00449a021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  131. Ogawa H., Shimada K., Tomizawa J. Studies on radiation-sensitive mutants of E. coli. I. Mutants defective in the repair synthesis. Mol Gen Genet. 1968 May 3;101(3):227–244. doi: 10.1007/BF00271625. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  132. Oh E. Y., Claassen L., Thiagalingam S., Mazur S., Grossman L. ATPase activity of the UvrA and UvrAB protein complexes of the Escherichia coli UvrABC endonuclease. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jun 12;17(11):4145–4159. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.11.4145. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  133. Oh E. Y., Grossman L. Characterization of the helicase activity of the Escherichia coli UvrAB protein complex. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jan 15;264(2):1336–1343. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  134. Oh E. Y., Grossman L. Helicase properties of the Escherichia coli UvrAB protein complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(11):3638–3642. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.11.3638. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  135. Oh E. Y., Grossman L. The effect of Escherichia coli Uvr protein binding on the topology of supercoiled DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Nov 11;14(21):8557–8571. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.21.8557. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  136. Orren D. K., Sancar A. The (A)BC excinuclease of Escherichia coli has only the UvrB and UvrC subunits in the incision complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(14):5237–5241. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  137. Pabo C. O., Sauer R. T. Protein-DNA recognition. Annu Rev Biochem. 1984;53:293–321. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.001453. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  138. Pardi A., Hare D. R., Wang C. Determination of DNA structures by NMR and distance geometry techniques: a computer simulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):8785–8789. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.23.8785. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  139. Pearlman D. A., Holbrook S. R., Pirkle D. H., Kim S. H. Molecular models for DNA damaged by photoreaction. Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1304–1308. doi: 10.1126/science.3975615. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  140. Pedrini A. M., Ciarrocchi G. Inhibition of Micrococcus luteus DNA topoisomerase I by UV photoproducts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(7):1787–1791. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.7.1787. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  141. Pierce J. R., Case R., Tang M. S. Recognition and repair of 2-aminofluorene- and 2-(acetylamino)fluorene-DNA adducts by UVRABC nuclease. Biochemistry. 1989 Jul 11;28(14):5821–5826. doi: 10.1021/bi00440a018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  142. Piette J., Gamper H. B., van de Vorst A., Hearst J. E. Mutagenesis induced by site specifically placed 4'-hydroxymethyl-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen adducts. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Nov 11;16(21):9961–9977. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.21.9961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  143. Popoff S. C., Beck D. J., Rupp W. D. Repair of plasmid DNA damaged in vitro with cis- or trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in Escherichia coli. Mutat Res. 1987 Mar;183(2):129–137. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(87)90055-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  144. Pu W. T., Kahn R., Munn M. M., Rupp W. D. UvrABC incision of N-methylmitomycin A-DNA monoadducts and cross-links. J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 5;264(34):20697–20704. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  145. Ramstein J., Lavery R. Energetic coupling between DNA bending and base pair opening. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7231–7235. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.19.7231. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  146. Reynolds P., Higgins D. R., Prakash L., Prakash S. The nucleotide sequence of the RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a potential adenine nucleotide binding amino acid sequence and a nonessential acidic carboxyl terminal region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Apr 11;13(7):2357–2372. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.7.2357. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  147. Rice J. A., Crothers D. M. DNA bending by the bulge defect. Biochemistry. 1989 May 16;28(10):4512–4516. doi: 10.1021/bi00436a058. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  148. Rice J. A., Crothers D. M., Pinto A. L., Lippard S. J. The major adduct of the antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) with DNA bends the duplex by approximately equal to 40 degrees toward the major groove. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(12):4158–4161. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.12.4158. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  149. Roberts R. J., Strike P. Repair in E. coli of transforming plasmid DNA damaged by psoralen plus near-ultraviolet irradiation. Mutat Res. 1986 Mar;165(2):81–88. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(86)90063-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  150. Rothman R. H., Clark A. J. Defective excision and postreplication repair of UV-damaged DNA in a recL mutant strain of E. coli K-12. Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Oct 24;155(3):267–277. doi: 10.1007/BF00272805. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  151. Rubin J. S. The molecular genetics of the incision step in the DNA excision repair process. Int J Radiat Biol. 1988 Sep;54(3):309–365. doi: 10.1080/09553008814551751. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  152. Runyon G. T., Lohman T. M. Escherichia coli helicase II (uvrD) protein can completely unwind fully duplex linear and nicked circular DNA. J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 15;264(29):17502–17512. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  153. Rupp W. D., Sancar A., Sancar G. B. Properties and regulation of the UVRABC endonuclease. Biochimie. 1982 Aug-Sep;64(8-9):595–598. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(82)80094-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  154. SETLOW R. B., CARRIER W. L. THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THYMINE DIMERS FROM DNA: AN ERROR-CORRECTING MECHANISM. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Feb;51:226–231. doi: 10.1073/pnas.51.2.226. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  155. Saffran W. A., Cantor C. R. Mutagenic SOS repair of site-specific psoralen damage in plasmid pBR322. J Mol Biol. 1984 Sep 25;178(3):595–609. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(84)90240-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  156. Saffran W. A., Cantor C. R. The complete pattern of mutagenesis arising from the repair of site-specific psoralen crosslinks: analysis by oligonucleotide hybridization. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Dec 21;12(24):9237–9248. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.24.9237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  157. Salles B., Lang M. C., Freund A. M., Paoletti C., Daune M., Fuchs R. P. Different levels of induction of RecA protein in E. coli (PQ 10) after treatment with two related carcinogens. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Aug 11;11(15):5235–5242. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.15.5235. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  158. Samson L., Thomale J., Rajewsky M. F. Alternative pathways for the in vivo repair of O6-alkylguanine and O4-alkylthymine in Escherichia coli: the adaptive response and nucleotide excision repair. EMBO J. 1988 Jul;7(7):2261–2267. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03066.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  159. Sancar A., Clarke N. D., Griswold J., Kennedy W. J., Rupp W. D. Identification of the uvrB gene product. J Mol Biol. 1981 May 5;148(1):63–76. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90235-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  160. Sancar A., Franklin K. A., Sancar G. B. Escherichia coli DNA photolyase stimulates uvrABC excision nuclease in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(23):7397–7401. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.23.7397. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  161. Sancar A., Franklin K. A., Sancar G., Tang M. S. Repair of psoralen and acetylaminofluorene DNA adducts by ABC excinuclease. J Mol Biol. 1985 Aug 20;184(4):725–734. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90316-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  162. Sancar A., Kacinski B. M., Mott D. L., Rupp W. D. Identification of the uvrC gene product. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Sep;78(9):5450–5454. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.9.5450. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  163. Sancar A., Rupp W. D. A novel repair enzyme: UVRABC excision nuclease of Escherichia coli cuts a DNA strand on both sides of the damaged region. Cell. 1983 May;33(1):249–260. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90354-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  164. Sancar A., Sancar G. B. DNA repair enzymes. Annu Rev Biochem. 1988;57:29–67. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.000333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  165. Sancar A., Sancar G. B., Rupp W. D., Little J. W., Mount D. W. LexA protein inhibits transcription of the E. coli uvrA gene in vitro. Nature. 1982 Jul 1;298(5869):96–98. doi: 10.1038/298096a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  166. Sancar G. B., Sancar A., Little J. W., Rupp W. D. The uvrB gene of Escherichia coli has both lexA-repressed and lexA-independent promoters. Cell. 1982 Mar;28(3):523–530. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90207-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  167. Sancar G. B., Sancar A., Rupp W. D. Sequences of the E. coli uvrC gene and protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jun 11;12(11):4593–4608. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.11.4593. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  168. Sancar G. B., Smith F. W., Reid R., Payne G., Levy M., Sancar A. Action mechanism of Escherichia coli DNA photolyase. I. Formation of the enzyme-substrate complex. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jan 5;262(1):478–485. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  169. Saporito S. M., Gedenk M., Cunningham R. P. Role of exonuclease III and endonuclease IV in repair of pyrimidine dimers initiated by bacteriophage T4 pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase. J Bacteriol. 1989 May;171(5):2542–2546. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.5.2542-2546.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  170. Sarai A., Mazur J., Nussinov R., Jernigan R. L. Origin of DNA helical structure and its sequence dependence. Biochemistry. 1988 Nov 1;27(22):8498–8502. doi: 10.1021/bi00422a030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  171. Schwartz A., Marrot L., Leng M. The DNA bending by acetylaminofluorene residues and by apurinic sites. J Mol Biol. 1989 May 20;207(2):445–450. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(89)90266-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  172. Scovell W. M., Collart F. Unwinding of supercoiled DNA by cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II): influence of the torsional strain on DNA unwinding. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Apr 25;13(8):2881–2895. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.8.2881. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  173. Seeberg E. Multiprotein interactions in strand cleavage of DNA damaged by UV and chemicals. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1981;26:217–226. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60406-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  174. Seeberg E., Nissen-Meyer J., Strike P. Incision of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA by extracts of E. coli requires three different gene products. Nature. 1976 Oct 7;263(5577):524–526. doi: 10.1038/263524a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  175. Seeberg E. Reconstitution of an Escherichia coli repair endonuclease activity from the separated uvrA+ and uvrB+/uvrC+ gene products. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jun;75(6):2569–2573. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.6.2569. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  176. Seeberg E., Rupp W. D., Strike P. Impaired incision of ultraviolet-irradiated deoxyribonucleic acid in uvrC mutants of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1980 Oct;144(1):97–104. doi: 10.1128/jb.144.1.97-104.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  177. Seeberg E., Steinum A. L., Blingsmo O. R. Two separable protein species which both restore uvrABC endonuclease activity in extracts from uvrC mutated cells. Biochimie. 1982 Aug-Sep;64(8-9):825–828. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(82)80137-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  178. Seeberg E., Steinum A. L., Nordenskjöld M., Söderhäll S., Jernström B. Strand-break formation in DNA modified by benzo[alpha]pyrene diolepoxide. Quantitative cleavage by Escherichia coli uvrABC endonuclease. Mutat Res. 1983 Jun;112(3):139–145. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(83)90036-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  179. Seeberg E., Steinum A. L. Purification and properties of the uvrA protein from Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(4):988–992. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.4.988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  180. Seeberg E. Strand cleavage at psoralen adducts and pyrimidine dimers in DNA caused by interaction between semi-purified uvr+ gene products from Escherichia coli. Mutat Res. 1981 Jun;82(1):11–22. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(81)90133-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  181. Seeley T. W., Grossman L. Mutations in the Escherichia coli UvrB ATPase motif compromise excision repair capacity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6577–6581. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.17.6577. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  182. Seibel G. L., Singh U. C., Kollman P. A. A molecular dynamics simulation of double-helical B-DNA including counterions and water. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(19):6537–6540. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.19.6537. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  183. Selby C. P., Sancar A. ABC excinuclease incises both 5' and 3' to the CC-1065-DNA adduct and its incision activity is stimulated by DNA helicase II and DNA polymerase I. Biochemistry. 1988 Sep 20;27(19):7184–7188. doi: 10.1021/bi00419a004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  184. Sharma S., Ohta A., Dowhan W., Moses R. E. Cloning of the uvrC gene of Escherichia coli: expression of a DNA repair gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6033–6037. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6033. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  185. Sharma S., Stark T. F., Beattie W. G., Moses R. E. Multiple control elements for the uvrC gene unit of Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Mar 11;14(5):2301–2318. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.5.2301. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  186. Sharma S., Stark T., Moses R. E. Distal regulatory functions for the uvrC gene of E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jul 11;12(13):5341–5354. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.13.5341. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  187. Sharp P. A., Berk A. J., Berget S. M. Transcription maps of adenovirus. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):750–768. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65071-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  188. Sherman S. E., Gibson D., Wang A. H., Lippard S. J. X-ray structure of the major adduct of the anticancer drug cisplatin with DNA: cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(pGpG))]. Science. 1985 Oct 25;230(4724):412–417. doi: 10.1126/science.4048939. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  189. Shi Y. B., Gamper H., Hearst J. E. The effects of covalent additions of a psoralen on transcription by E. coli RNA polymerase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Sep 11;15(17):6843–6854. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.17.6843. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  190. Shi Y. B., Griffith J., Gamper H., Hearst J. E. Evidence for structural deformation of the DNA helix by a psoralen diadduct but not by a monoadduct. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Sep 26;16(18):8945–8952. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.18.8945. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  191. Shimada K., Ogawa H., Tomizawa J. Studies on radiation-sensitive mutants of E. coli. II. Breakage and repair of ultraviolet irradiated intracellular DNA of phage lambda. Mol Gen Genet. 1968 May 3;101(3):245–256. doi: 10.1007/BF00271626. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  192. Shiota S., Nakayama H. Evidence for a Micrococcus luteus gene homologous to uvrB of Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Jul;213(1):21–29. doi: 10.1007/BF00333393. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  193. Shiota S., Nakayama H. Micrococcus luteus homolog of the Escherichia coli uvrA gene: identification of a mutation in the UV-sensitive mutant DB7. Mol Gen Genet. 1989 Jun;217(2-3):332–340. doi: 10.1007/BF02464901. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  194. Sibghatullah, Husain I., Carlton W., Sancar A. Human nucleotide excision repair in vitro: repair of pyrimidine dimers, psoralen and cisplatin adducts by HeLa cell-free extract. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jun 26;17(12):4471–4484. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.12.4471. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  195. Sinden R. R., Cole R. S. Repair of cross-linked DNA and survival of Escherichia coli treated with psoralen and light: effects of mutations influencing genetic recombination and DNA metabolism. J Bacteriol. 1978 Nov;136(2):538–547. doi: 10.1128/jb.136.2.538-547.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  196. Sinden R. R., Cole R. S. Topography and kinetics of genetic recombination in Escherichia coli treated with psoralen and light. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 May;75(5):2373–2377. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.5.2373. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  197. Sinden R. R., Hagerman P. J. Interstrand psoralen cross-links do not introduce appreciable bends in DNA. Biochemistry. 1984 Dec 18;23(26):6299–6303. doi: 10.1021/bi00321a002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  198. Sinzinis B. I., Smirnov G. B., Saenko A. A. Repair deficiency in Escherichia coli UV-sensitive mutator strain uvr502. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1973 Jul 2;53(1):309–316. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)91435-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  199. Sladek F. M., Munn M. M., Rupp W. D., Howard-Flanders P. In vitro repair of psoralen-DNA cross-links by RecA, UvrABC, and the 5'-exonuclease of DNA polymerase I. J Biol Chem. 1989 Apr 25;264(12):6755–6765. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  200. Sobell H. M., Sakore T. D., Jain S. C., Banerjee A., Bhandary K. K., Reddy B. S., Lozansky E. D. beta-kinked DNA--a structure that gives rise to drug intercalation and DNA breathing--and its wider significance in determining the premelting and melting behavior of DNA. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1983;47(Pt 1):293–314. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1983.047.01.035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  201. Strike P., Rupp W. D. Cross-linking studies with the uvrA and uvrB proteins of E. coli. Mutat Res. 1985 Jan-Mar;145(1-2):43–48. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(85)90038-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  202. Sung P., Prakash L., Matson S. W., Prakash S. RAD3 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a DNA helicase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(24):8951–8955. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.24.8951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  203. Tait R. C., Harris A. L., Smith D. W. DNA repair in Escherichia coli mutants deficient in DNA polymerases I, II and-or 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Mar;71(3):675–679. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.3.675. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  204. Tang M. S., Bohr V. A., Zhang X. S., Pierce J., Hanawalt P. C. Quantification of aminofluorene adduct formation and repair in defined DNA sequences in mammalian cells using the UVRABC nuclease. J Biol Chem. 1989 Aug 25;264(24):14455–14462. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  205. Tang M. S., Lee C. S., Doisy R., Ross L., Needham-VanDevanter D. R., Hurley L. H. Recognition and repair of the CC-1065-(N3-adenine)-DNA adduct by the UVRABC nucleases. Biochemistry. 1988 Feb 9;27(3):893–901. doi: 10.1021/bi00403a009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  206. Tang M. S., Patrick M. H. Repair of UV damage in Escherichia coli under non-growth conditions. Photochem Photobiol. 1977 Sep;26(3):247–255. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1977.tb07481.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  207. Tang M. S., Ross L. Single-strand breakage of DNA in UV-irradiated uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC mutants of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1985 Mar;161(3):933–938. doi: 10.1128/jb.161.3.933-938.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  208. Tang M., Lieberman M. W., King C. M. uvr Genes function differently in repair of acetylaminofluorene and aminofluorene DNA adducts. Nature. 1982 Oct 14;299(5884):646–648. doi: 10.1038/299646a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  209. Terleth C., van Sluis C. A., van de Putte P. Differential repair of UV damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jun 26;17(12):4433–4439. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.12.4433. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  210. Thomas D. C., Kunkel T. A., Casna N. J., Ford J. P., Sancar A. Activities and incision patterns of ABC excinuclease on modified DNA containing single-base mismatches and extrahelical bases. J Biol Chem. 1986 Nov 5;261(31):14496–14505. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  211. Thomas D. C., Levy M., Sancar A. Amplification and purification of UvrA, UvrB, and UvrC proteins of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1985 Aug 15;260(17):9875–9883. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  212. Thomas D. C., Morton A. G., Bohr V. A., Sancar A. General method for quantifying base adducts in specific mammalian genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(11):3723–3727. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.11.3723. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  213. Thomas D. C., Okumoto D. S., Sancar A., Bohr V. A. Preferential DNA repair of (6-4) photoproducts in the dihydrofolate reductase gene of Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 25;264(30):18005–18010. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  214. Todo T., Yonei S. Inhibitory effect of membrane-binding drugs on excision repair of DNA damage in UV-irradiated Escherichia coli. Mutat Res. 1983 Apr;112(2):97–107. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(83)90014-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  215. Todo T., Yonei S., Kato M. The modulating influence of the fluidity of cell membrane on excision repair of DNA in UV-irradiated Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Jan 27;110(2):609–615. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)91193-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  216. Tomic M. T., Wemmer D. E., Kim S. H. Structure of a psoralen cross-linked DNA in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance. Science. 1987 Dec 18;238(4834):1722–1725. doi: 10.1126/science.3686011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  217. Tomiyama H., Tachibana A., Yonei S. Differential effects of procaine and phenethyl alcohol on excision repair of DNA in u.v.-irradiated Escherichia coli. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1986 Dec;50(6):973–981. doi: 10.1080/09553008614551391. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  218. Tsao Y. P., Wu H. Y., Liu L. F. Transcription-driven supercoiling of DNA: direct biochemical evidence from in vitro studies. Cell. 1989 Jan 13;56(1):111–118. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90989-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  219. Vadi H. V. Differences in transformation of repair-deficient mutants of E. coli with BPDE- or chlorozotocin-modified plasmid DNA. Carcinogenesis. 1983 Nov;4(11):1379–1384. doi: 10.1093/carcin/4.11.1379. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  220. Van Houten B., Gamper H., Hearst J. E., Sancar A. Analysis of sequential steps of nucleotide excision repair in Escherichia coli using synthetic substrates containing single psoralen adducts. J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 15;263(32):16553–16560. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  221. Van Houten B., Gamper H., Hearst J. E., Sancar A. Construction of DNA substrates modified with psoralen at a unique site and study of the action mechanism of ABC excinuclease on these uniformly modified substrates. J Biol Chem. 1986 Oct 25;261(30):14135–14141. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  222. Van Houten B., Gamper H., Holbrook S. R., Hearst J. E., Sancar A. Action mechanism of ABC excision nuclease on a DNA substrate containing a psoralen crosslink at a defined position. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8077–8081. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.21.8077. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  223. Van Houten B., Gamper H., Sancar A., Hearst J. E. DNase I footprint of ABC excinuclease. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 25;262(27):13180–13187. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  224. Van Houten B., Masker W. E., Carrier W. L., Regan J. D. Quantitation of carcinogen-induced DNA damage and repair in human cells with the UVR ABC excision nuclease from Escherichia coli. Carcinogenesis. 1986 Jan;7(1):83–87. doi: 10.1093/carcin/7.1.83. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  225. Van Houten B., Sancar A. Repair of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced DNA damage by ABC excinuclease. J Bacteriol. 1987 Feb;169(2):540–545. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.2.540-545.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  226. Van Sluis C. A., Mattern I. E., Paterson M. C. Properties of uvrE mutants of Escherichia coli K12. I. Effects of UV irradiation on DNA metabolism. Mutat Res. 1974 Dec;25(3):273–279. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(74)90055-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  227. Voigt J. M., Van Houten B., Sancar A., Topal M. D. Repair of O6-methylguanine by ABC excinuclease of Escherichia coli in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1989 Mar 25;264(9):5172–5176. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  228. Walker G. C. Inducible DNA repair systems. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:425–457. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.002233. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  229. Wallace S. S. AP endonucleases and DNA glycosylases that recognize oxidative DNA damage. Environ Mol Mutagen. 1988;12(4):431–477. doi: 10.1002/em.2860120411. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  230. Walter R. B., Pierce J., Case R., Tang M. S. Recognition of the DNA helix stabilizing anthramycin-N2 guanine adduct by UVRABC nuclease. J Mol Biol. 1988 Oct 20;203(4):939–947. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90119-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  231. Walters R. G., Wilbraham H. O., Strike P., Forster J. W. A transposon insertion in the Escherichia coli uvrC gene; UvrC protein is absolutely required for the incision step in excision repair. J Gen Microbiol. 1988 Feb;134(2):403–412. doi: 10.1099/00221287-134-2-403. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  232. Weber C. A., Salazar E. P., Stewart S. A., Thompson L. H. Molecular cloning and biological characterization of a human gene, ERCC2, that corrects the nucleotide excision repair defect in CHO UV5 cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Mar;8(3):1137–1146. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.3.1137. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  233. Weiss B., Grossman L. Phosphodiesterases involved in DNA repair. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 1987;60:1–34. doi: 10.1002/9780470123065.ch1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  234. Wu H. Y., Shyy S. H., Wang J. C., Liu L. F. Transcription generates positively and negatively supercoiled domains in the template. Cell. 1988 May 6;53(3):433–440. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90163-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  235. Yang Y., Ames G. F. DNA gyrase binds to the family of prokaryotic repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):8850–8854. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.23.8850. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  236. Yatagai F., Horsfall M. J., Glickman B. W. Defect in excision repair alters the mutational specificity of PUVA treatment in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1987 Apr 20;194(4):601–607. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90237-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  237. Yeung A. T., Jones B. K., Capraro M., Chu T. The repair of psoralen monoadducts by the Escherichia coli UvrABC endonuclease. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jun 25;15(12):4957–4971. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.12.4957. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  238. Yeung A. T., Mattes W. B., Grossman L. Protein complexes formed during the incision reaction catalyzed by the Escherichia coli UvrABC endonuclease. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Mar 25;14(6):2567–2582. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.6.2567. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  239. Yeung A. T., Mattes W. B., Oh E. Y., Grossman L. Enzymatic properties of purified Escherichia coli uvrABC proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Oct;80(20):6157–6161. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.20.6157. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  240. Yeung A. T., Mattes W. B., Oh E. Y., Yoakum G. H., Grossman L. The purification of the Escherichia coli UvrABC incision system. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Nov 11;14(21):8535–8556. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.21.8535. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  241. Yoakum G. H., Cole R. S. Cross-linking and relaxation of supercoiled DNA by psoralen and light. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Dec 21;521(2):529–546. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(78)90295-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  242. Yoakum G. H., Cole R. S. Role of ATP in removal of psoralen cross-links from DNA of Escherichia coli permeabilized by treatment with toluene. J Biol Chem. 1977 Oct 25;252(20):7023–7030. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  243. Yoakum G. H., Grossman L. Identification of E. coli uvrC protein. Nature. 1981 Jul 9;292(5819):171–173. doi: 10.1038/292171a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  244. Yoakum G. H., Kushner S. R., Grossman L. Isolation of plasmids carrying either the uvrC or uvrC uvrA and ssb genes of Escherichia coli K-12. Gene. 1980 Dec;12(3-4):243–248. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(80)90106-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  245. Zhen W. P., Jeppesen C., Nielsen P. E. Repair in Escherichia coli of a psoralen-DNA interstrand crosslink site specifically introduced into T410A411 of the plasmid pUC 19. Photochem Photobiol. 1986 Jul;44(1):47–51. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1986.tb03562.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  246. Zwetsloot J. C., Barbeiro A. P., Vermeulen W., Arthur H. M., Hoeijmakers J. H., Backendorf C. Microinjection of Escherichia coli UvrA, B, C and D proteins into fibroblasts of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation groups A and C does not result in restoration of UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis. Mutat Res. 1986 Jul;166(1):89–98. doi: 10.1016/0167-8817(86)90044-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  247. van Duin M., de Wit J., Odijk H., Westerveld A., Yasui A., Koken M. H., Hoeijmakers J. H., Bootsma D. Molecular characterization of the human excision repair gene ERCC-1: cDNA cloning and amino acid homology with the yeast DNA repair gene RAD10. Cell. 1986 Mar 28;44(6):913–923. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90014-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  248. van Duin M., van den Tol J., Warmerdam P., Odijk H., Meijer D., Westerveld A., Bootsma D., Hoeijmakers J. H. Evolution and mutagenesis of the mammalian excision repair gene ERCC-1. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Jun 24;16(12):5305–5322. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.12.5305. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  249. van Sluis C. A., Moolenaar G. F., Backendorf C. Regulation of the uvrC gene of Escherichia coli K12: localization and characterization of a damage-inducible promoter. EMBO J. 1983;2(12):2313–2318. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01739.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  250. van de Putte P., van Sluis C. A., van Dillewijn J., Rörsch A. The location of genes controlling radiation sensitivity in Escherichia coli. Mutat Res. 1965 Apr;2(2):97–110. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(65)90041-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  251. van den Berg E. A., Geerse R. H., Memelink J., Bovenberg R. A., Magnée F. A., van de Putte P. Analysis of regulatory sequences upstream of the E. coli uvrB gene; involvement of the DnaA protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Mar 25;13(6):1829–1840. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.6.1829. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  252. van den Berg E. A., Geerse R. H., Pannekoek H., van de Putte P. In vivo transcription of the E. coli uvrB gene: both promoters are inducible by UV. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Jul 11;11(13):4355–4363. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.13.4355. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  253. van den Berg E., Zwetsloot J., Noordermeer I., Pannekoek H., Dekker B., Dijkema R., van Ormondt H. The structure and function of the regulatory elements of the Escherichia coli uvrB gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Nov 11;9(21):5623–5643. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.21.5623. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  254. von Hippel P. H., Bear D. G., Morgan W. D., McSwiggen J. A. Protein-nucleic acid interactions in transcription: a molecular analysis. Annu Rev Biochem. 1984;53:389–446. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.002133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  255. von Hippel P. H., Berg O. G. Facilitated target location in biological systems. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jan 15;264(2):675–678. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  256. von Wright A., Bridges B. A. Effect of gyrB-mediated changes in chromosome structure on killing of Escherichia coli by ultraviolet light: experiments with strains differing in deoxyribonucleic acid repair capacity. J Bacteriol. 1981 Apr;146(1):18–23. doi: 10.1128/jb.146.1.18-23.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Microbiological Reviews are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES