Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Microbiological Reviews logoLink to Microbiological Reviews
. 1991 Sep;55(3):437–450. doi: 10.1128/mr.55.3.437-450.1991

Colicin V virulence plasmids.

V L Waters 1, J H Crosa 1
PMCID: PMC372828  PMID: 1943995

Abstract

ColV plasmids are a heterogeneous group of IncFI plasmids which encode virulence-related properties such as the aerobactin iron uptake system, increased serum survival, and resistance to phagocytosis. These plasmids have been found in invasive strains of Escherichia coli which infect vertebrate hosts including humans and livestock. Colicin V was the first colicin to be identified, in 1925, but not until the field experienced a renewed interest has the mechanism of colicin V activity been explored. As encoded by ColV plasmid pColV-K30, the aerobactin iron uptake system has been extensively investigated, but other ColV-encoded phenotypes remain largely uncharacterized. Restriction enzyme mapping of the 144-kb pColV-K30 and of the 80-kb pColV-B188 has facilitated systematic study, so that questions can be addressed by a molecular and comparative approach regarding the contributions of individual factors and plasmids to the virulence of host E. coli in model systems. The family of large ColV plasmids could be analogous to other families of large virulence plasmids, and insights gained from studying these plasmids should contribute to our understanding of cross-genetic interactions and the role of large plasmids in bacterial pathogenesis.

Full text

PDF
437

Images in this article

439Image
on p.439
443Image
on p.443

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Achtman M., Manning P. A., Kusecek B., Schwuchow S., Willetts N. A genetic analysis of F sex factor cistrons needed for surface exclusion in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1980 Apr 25;138(4):779–795. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90065-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Agüero M. E., Aron L., DeLuca A. G., Timmis K. N., Cabello F. C. A plasmid-encoded outer membrane protein, TraT, enhances resistance of Escherichia coli to phagocytosis. Infect Immun. 1984 Dec;46(3):740–746. doi: 10.1128/iai.46.3.740-746.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Asensio C., Pérez-Díaz J. C. A new family of low molecular weight antibiotics from enterobacteria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976 Mar 8;69(1):7–14. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(76)80264-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Barondess J. J., Beckwith J. A bacterial virulence determinant encoded by lysogenic coliphage lambda. Nature. 1990 Aug 30;346(6287):871–874. doi: 10.1038/346871a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bergquist P. L., Saadi S., Maas W. K. Distribution of basic replicons having homology with RepFIA, RepFIB, and RepFIC among IncF group plasmids. Plasmid. 1986 Jan;15(1):19–34. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(86)90011-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bindereif A., Braun V., Hantke K. The cloacin receptor of ColV-bearing Escherichia coli is part of the Fe3+-aerobactin transport system. J Bacteriol. 1982 Jun;150(3):1472–1475. doi: 10.1128/jb.150.3.1472-1475.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bindereif A., Neilands J. B. Cloning of the aerobactin-mediated iron assimilation system of plasmid ColV. J Bacteriol. 1983 Feb;153(2):1111–1113. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.2.1111-1113.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bindereif A., Neilands J. B. Promoter mapping and transcriptional regulation of the iron assimilation system of plasmid ColV-K30 in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1985 Jun;162(3):1039–1046. doi: 10.1128/jb.162.3.1039-1046.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Binns M. M., Davies D. L., Hardy K. G. Cloned fragments of the plasmid ColV,I-K94 specifying virulence and serum resistance. Nature. 1979 Jun 28;279(5716):778–781. doi: 10.1038/279778a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Binns M. M., Mayden J., Levine R. P. Further characterization of complement resistance conferred on Escherichia coli by the plasmid genes traT of R100 and iss of ColV,I-K94. Infect Immun. 1982 Feb;35(2):654–659. doi: 10.1128/iai.35.2.654-659.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Bustos-Martinez J. A., Gomez-Eichelmann M. C. Frequency of IS1-mediated molecular events in different members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. J Bacteriol. 1987 Nov;169(11):4946–4949. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.11.4946-4949.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Carbonetti N. H., Boonchai S., Parry S. H., Väisänen-Rhen V., Korhonen T. K., Williams P. H. Aerobactin-mediated iron uptake by Escherichia coli isolates from human extraintestinal infections. Infect Immun. 1986 Mar;51(3):966–968. doi: 10.1128/iai.51.3.966-968.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Carbonetti N. H., Williams P. H. A cluster of five genes specifying the aerobactin iron uptake system of plasmid ColV-K30. Infect Immun. 1984 Oct;46(1):7–12. doi: 10.1128/iai.46.1.7-12.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Chuba P. J., Leon M. A., Banerjee A., Palchaudhuri S. Cloning and DNA sequence of plasmid determinant iss, coding for increased serum survival and surface exclusion, which has homology with lambda DNA. Mol Gen Genet. 1989 Apr;216(2-3):287–292. doi: 10.1007/BF00334367. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Clancy J., Savage D. C. Another Colicin V phenotype: in vitro adhesion of Escherichia coli to mouse intestinal epithelium. Infect Immun. 1981 Apr;32(1):343–352. doi: 10.1128/iai.32.1.343-352.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Colonna B., Nicoletti M., Visca P., Casalino M., Valenti P., Maimone F. Composite IS1 elements encoding hydroxamate-mediated iron uptake in FIme plasmids from epidemic Salmonella spp. J Bacteriol. 1985 Apr;162(1):307–316. doi: 10.1128/jb.162.1.307-316.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Couturier M., Bex F., Bergquist P. L., Maas W. K. Identification and classification of bacterial plasmids. Microbiol Rev. 1988 Sep;52(3):375–395. doi: 10.1128/mr.52.3.375-395.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Crosa J. H. A plasmid associated with virulence in the marine fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum specifies an iron-sequestering system. Nature. 1980 Apr 10;284(5756):566–568. doi: 10.1038/284566a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Crosa L. M., Wolf M. K., Actis L. A., Sanders-Loehr J., Crosa J. H. New aerobactin-mediated iron uptake system in a septicemia-causing strain of Enterobacter cloacae. J Bacteriol. 1988 Dec;170(12):5539–5544. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.12.5539-5544.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. DE ZWAIG R. N., ANTON D. N., PUIG J. The genetic control of colicinogenic factors E2, I and V. J Gen Microbiol. 1962 Nov;29:473–484. doi: 10.1099/00221287-29-3-473. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Darken J., Savage D. C. Influences of conjugal genetic transfer functions of colicin V plasmids on adhesion of Escherichia coli to murine intestinal tissue. Infect Immun. 1987 Oct;55(10):2483–2489. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.10.2483-2489.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Der Vartanian M. Differences in excretion and efficiency of the aerobactin and enterochelin siderophores in a bovine pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1988 Feb;56(2):413–418. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.2.413-418.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Drumm B., Neumann A. W., Policova Z., Sherman P. M. Bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity properties in the mediation of in vitro adhesion by the rabbit enteric pathogen Escherichia coli strain RDEC-1. J Clin Invest. 1989 Nov;84(5):1588–1594. doi: 10.1172/JCI114336. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. FALKOW S., WOHLHIETER J. A., CITARELLA R. V., BARON L. S. TRANSFER OF EPISOMIC ELEMENTS TO PROTEUS. I. TRANSFER OF F-LINKED CHROMOSOMAL DETERMINANTS. J Bacteriol. 1964 Jan;87:209–219. doi: 10.1128/jb.87.1.209-219.1964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. FREDERICQ P. Colicins. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1957;11:7–22. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.11.100157.000255. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Fath M. J., Mahanty H. K., Kolter R. Characterization of a purF operon mutation which affects colicin V production. J Bacteriol. 1989 Jun;171(6):3158–3161. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.6.3158-3161.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Fernandez-Beros M. E., Kissel V., Lior H., Cabello F. C. Virulence-related genes in ColV plasmids of Escherichia coli isolated from human blood and intestines. J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Apr;28(4):742–746. doi: 10.1128/jcm.28.4.742-746.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Ford S., Cooper R. A., Evans R. W., Hider R. C., Williams P. H. Domain preference in iron removal from human transferrin by the bacterial siderophores aerobactin and enterochelin. Eur J Biochem. 1988 Dec 15;178(2):477–481. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14473.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Franklin A., Söderlind, Möllby R. Plasmids coding for enterotoxins, K88 antigen and colicins in porcine Escherichia coli strains of O-group 149. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1981;170(2):63–72. doi: 10.1007/BF02122670. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Fredericq P. On the nature of colicinogenic factors: a review. J Theor Biol. 1963 Mar;4(2):159–165. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(63)90024-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Frick K. K., Quackenbush R. L., Konisky J. Cloning of immunity and structural genes for colicin V. J Bacteriol. 1981 Nov;148(2):498–507. doi: 10.1128/jb.148.2.498-507.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Gammie A. E., Crosa J. H. Roles of DNA adenine methylation in controlling replication of the REPI replicon of plasmid pColV-K30. Mol Microbiol. 1991 Feb;5(2):495–503. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02133.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Gibson F., Magrath D. I. The isolation and characterization of a hydroxamic acid (aerobactin) formed by Aerobacter aerogenes 62-I. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Nov 18;192(2):175–184. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(69)90353-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Gilson L., Mahanty H. K., Kolter R. Four plasmid genes are required for colicin V synthesis, export, and immunity. J Bacteriol. 1987 Jun;169(6):2466–2470. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.6.2466-2470.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Griggs D. W., Konisky J. Mechanism for iron-regulated transcription of the Escherichia coli cir gene: metal-dependent binding of fur protein to the promoters. J Bacteriol. 1989 Feb;171(2):1048–1054. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.2.1048-1054.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Griggs D. W., Tharp B. B., Konisky J. Cloning and promoter identification of the iron-regulated cir gene of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1987 Dec;169(12):5343–5352. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.12.5343-5352.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Gross R., Engelbrecht F., Braun V. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the aerobactin synthesis operon on pColV. Mol Gen Genet. 1984;196(1):74–80. doi: 10.1007/BF00334095. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Hackett J., Wyk P., Reeves P., Mathan V. Mediation of serum resistance in Salmonella typhimurium by an 11-kilodalton polypeptide encoded by the cryptic plasmid. J Infect Dis. 1987 Mar;155(3):540–549. doi: 10.1093/infdis/155.3.540. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Hardy K. G. Colicinogeny and related phenomena. Bacteriol Rev. 1975 Dec;39(4):464–515. doi: 10.1128/br.39.4.464-515.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Herschman H. R., Helinski D. R. Comparative study of the events associated with colicin induction. J Bacteriol. 1967 Sep;94(3):691–699. doi: 10.1128/jb.94.3.691-699.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Jalajakumari M. B., Guidolin A., Buhk H. J., Manning P. A., Ham L. M., Hodgson A. L., Cheah K. C., Skurray R. A. Surface exclusion genes traS and traT of the F sex factor of Escherichia coli K-12. Determination of the nucleotide sequence and promoter and terminator activities. J Mol Biol. 1987 Nov 5;198(1):1–11. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90452-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Johnson J. R., Moseley S. L., Roberts P. L., Stamm W. E. Aerobactin and other virulence factor genes among strains of Escherichia coli causing urosepsis: association with patient characteristics. Infect Immun. 1988 Feb;56(2):405–412. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.2.405-412.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. KAHN P., HELINSKI D. R. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COLICINOGENIC FACTORS E1 AND V AND AN F FACTOR IN ESCHERICHIA COLI. J Bacteriol. 1964 Dec;88:1573–1579. doi: 10.1128/jb.88.6.1573-1579.1964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Kahn P. L. Isolation of high-frequency recombining strains from Escherichia coli containing the V colicinogenic factor. J Bacteriol. 1968 Jul;96(1):205–214. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.1.205-214.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Konisky J. Colicins and other bacteriocins with established modes of action. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1982;36:125–144. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.36.100182.001013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Lafont J. P., Dho M., D'Hauteville H. M., Bree A., Sansonetti P. J. Presence and expression of aerobactin genes in virulent avian strains of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1987 Jan;55(1):193–197. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.1.193-197.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Lawlor K. M., Payne S. M. Aerobactin genes in Shigella spp. J Bacteriol. 1984 Oct;160(1):266–272. doi: 10.1128/jb.160.1.266-272.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Lockman H. A., Curtiss R., 3rd Salmonella typhimurium mutants lacking flagella or motility remain virulent in BALB/c mice. Infect Immun. 1990 Jan;58(1):137–143. doi: 10.1128/iai.58.1.137-143.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. MacFarren A. C., Clowes R. C. A comparative study of two F-like colicin factors, ColV2 and ColV3, in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1967 Aug;94(2):365–377. doi: 10.1128/jb.94.2.365-377.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Marolda C. L., Valvano M. A., Lawlor K. M., Payne S. M., Crosa J. H. Flanking and internal regions of chromosomal genes mediating aerobactin iron uptake systems in enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri. J Gen Microbiol. 1987 Aug;133(8):2269–2278. doi: 10.1099/00221287-133-8-2269. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Martínez J. L., Delgado-Iribarren A., Baquero F. Mechanisms of iron acquisition and bacterial virulence. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1990 Mar;6(1):45–56. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04085.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. McKenna W. R., Mickelsen P. A., Sparling P. F., Dyer D. W. Iron uptake from lactoferrin and transferrin by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect Immun. 1988 Apr;56(4):785–791. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.4.785-791.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Miller J. F., Mekalanos J. J., Falkow S. Coordinate regulation and sensory transduction in the control of bacterial virulence. Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):916–922. doi: 10.1126/science.2537530. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Moll A., Manning P. A., Timmis K. N. Plasmid-determined resistance to serum bactericidal activity: a major outer membrane protein, the traT gene product, is responsible for plasmid-specified serum resistance in Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1980 May;28(2):359–367. doi: 10.1128/iai.28.2.359-367.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Montenegro M. A., Bitter-Suermann D., Timmis J. K., Agüero M. E., Cabello F. C., Sanyal S. C., Timmis K. N. traT gene sequences, serum resistance and pathogenicity-related factors in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria. J Gen Microbiol. 1985 Jun;131(6):1511–1521. doi: 10.1099/00221287-131-6-1511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Moseley S. L., Dougan G., Schneider R. A., Moon H. W. Cloning of chromosomal DNA encoding the F41 adhesin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and genetic homology between adhesins F41 and K88. J Bacteriol. 1986 Sep;167(3):799–804. doi: 10.1128/jb.167.3.799-804.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Müller D., Hughes C., Goebel W. Relationship between plasmid and chromosomal hemolysin determinants of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1983 Feb;153(2):846–851. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.2.846-851.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Nassif X., Sansonetti P. J. Correlation of the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae K1 and K2 with the presence of a plasmid encoding aerobactin. Infect Immun. 1986 Dec;54(3):603–608. doi: 10.1128/iai.54.3.603-608.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Nikaido H., Rosenberg E. Y. Cir and Fiu proteins in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli catalyze transport of monomeric catechols: study with beta-lactam antibiotics containing catechol and analogous groups. J Bacteriol. 1990 Mar;172(3):1361–1367. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.3.1361-1367.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Nilius A. M., Savage D. C. Serum resistance encoded by colicin V plasmids in Escherichia coli and its relationship to the plasmid transfer system. Infect Immun. 1984 Mar;43(3):947–953. doi: 10.1128/iai.43.3.947-953.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Ohtsubo E., Zenilman M., Ohtsubo H. Plasmids containing insertion elements are potential transposons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Feb;77(2):750–754. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.2.750. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Ou J. T., Baron L. S., Dai X. Y., Life C. A. The virulence plasmids of Salmonella serovars typhimurium, choleraesuis, dublin, and enteritidis, and the cryptic plasmids of Salmonella serovars copenhagen and sendai belong to the same incompatibility group, but not those of Salmonella serovars durban, gallinarum, give, infantis and pullorum. Microb Pathog. 1990 Feb;8(2):101–107. doi: 10.1016/0882-4010(90)90074-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Ozanne G., Mathieu L. G., Baril J. P. Production de colicines V et V2 in vitro et in vivo. étude de leur action inhibitrice sur la phagocytose par des macrophages péritonéaux. Rev Can Biol. 1977 Dec;36(4):307–316. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Pattus F., Massotte D., Wilmsen H. U., Lakey J., Tsernoglou D., Tucker A., Parker M. W. Colicins: prokaryotic killer-pores. Experientia. 1990 Feb 15;46(2):180–192. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Perez-Casal J. F., Crosa J. H. Aerobactin iron uptake sequences in plasmid ColV-K30 are flanked by inverted IS1-like elements and replication regions. J Bacteriol. 1984 Oct;160(1):256–265. doi: 10.1128/jb.160.1.256-265.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Perez-Casal J. F., Crosa J. H. Novel incompatibility and partition loci for the REPI replication region of plasmid ColV-K30. J Bacteriol. 1987 Nov;169(11):5078–5086. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.11.5078-5086.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Perez-Casal J. F., Gammie A. E., Crosa J. H. Nucleotide sequence analysis and expression of the minimum REPI replication region and incompatibility determinants of pColV-K30. J Bacteriol. 1989 Apr;171(4):2195–2201. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.4.2195-2201.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Perumal N. B., Minkley E. G., Jr The product of the F sex factor traT surface exclusion gene is a lipoprotein. J Biol Chem. 1984 May 10;259(9):5357–5360. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Quackenbush R. L., Falkow S. Relationship between colicin V activity and virulence in Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1979 May;24(2):562–564. doi: 10.1128/iai.24.2.562-564.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Rhen M., Sukupolvi S. The role of the traT gene of the Salmonella typhimurium virulence plasmid for serum resistance and growth within liver macrophages. Microb Pathog. 1988 Oct;5(4):275–285. doi: 10.1016/0882-4010(88)90100-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Roberts M., Wooldridge K. G., Gavine H., Kuswandi S. I., Williams P. H. Inhibition of biological activities of the aerobactin receptor protein in rough strains of Escherichia coli by polyclonal antiserum raised against native protein. J Gen Microbiol. 1989 Sep;135(9):2387–2398. doi: 10.1099/00221287-135-9-2387. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Roudier C., Krause M., Fierer J., Guiney D. G. Correlation between the presence of sequences homologous to the vir region of Salmonella dublin plasmid pSDL2 and the virulence of twenty-two Salmonella serotypes in mice. Infect Immun. 1990 May;58(5):1180–1185. doi: 10.1128/iai.58.5.1180-1185.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Scaletsky I. C., Milani S. R., Trabulsi L. R., Travassos L. R. Isolation and characterization of the localized adherence factor of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1988 Nov;56(11):2979–2983. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.11.2979-2983.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Schifferli D. M., Beachey E. H., Taylor R. K. The 987P fimbrial gene cluster of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is plasmid encoded. Infect Immun. 1990 Jan;58(1):149–156. doi: 10.1128/iai.58.1.149-156.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Skurray R. A., Nagaishi H., Clark A. J. Molecular cloning of DNA from F sex factor of Escherichia coli K-12. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jan;73(1):64–68. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.1.64. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Smith H. W. A search for transmissible pathogenic characters in invasive strains of Escherichia coli: the discovery of a plasmid-controlled toxin and a plasmid-controlled lethal character closely associated, or identical, with colicine V. J Gen Microbiol. 1974 Jul;83(0):95–111. doi: 10.1099/00221287-83-1-95. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Smith H. W., Huggins M. B. Further observations on the association of the colicine V plasmid of Escherichia coli with pathogenicity and with survival in the alimentary tract. J Gen Microbiol. 1976 Feb;92(2):335–350. doi: 10.1099/00221287-92-2-335. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. Smith H. W., Huggins M. B. The association of the O18, K1 and H7 antigens and the Co1V plasmid of a strain of Escherichia coli with its virulence and immunogenicity. J Gen Microbiol. 1980 Dec;121(2):387–400. doi: 10.1099/00221287-121-2-387. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Smith H. W., Huggins M. B. The effect of plasmid-determined and other characteristics on the survival of Escherichia coli in the alimentary tract of two human beings. J Gen Microbiol. 1978 Dec;109(2):375–379. doi: 10.1099/00221287-109-2-375. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Smith H. W., Huggins M. B. Treatment of experimental Escherichia coli infection in mice with colicine V. J Med Microbiol. 1977 Nov;10(4):479–482. doi: 10.1099/00222615-10-4-479. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. So M., Heffron F., McCarthy B. J. The E. coli gene encoding heat stable toxin is a bacterial transposon flanked by inverted repeats of IS1. Nature. 1979 Feb 8;277(5696):453–456. doi: 10.1038/277453a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Stuart S. J., Greenwood K. T., Luke R. K. Hydroxamate-mediated transport of iron controlled by ColV plasmids. J Bacteriol. 1980 Jul;143(1):35–42. doi: 10.1128/jb.143.1.35-42.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Sugarman B., Epps L. R., Stenback W. A. Zinc and bacterial adherence. Infect Immun. 1982 Sep;37(3):1191–1199. doi: 10.1128/iai.37.3.1191-1199.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Sukupolvi S., O'Connor C. D. TraT lipoprotein, a plasmid-specified mediator of interactions between gram-negative bacteria and their environment. Microbiol Rev. 1990 Dec;54(4):331–341. doi: 10.1128/mr.54.4.331-341.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Taylor I. M., Harrison J. L., Timmis K. N., O'Connor C. D. The TraT lipoprotein as a vehicle for the transport of foreign antigenic determinants to the cell surface of Escherichia coli K12: structure-function relationships in the TraT protein. Mol Microbiol. 1990 Aug;4(8):1259–1268. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00705.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Tewari R., Smith D. G., Rowbury R. J. A motility lesion in ColV+ Escherichia coli strains and its possible clinical significance. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol. 1986 May-Jun;137A(3):223–237. doi: 10.1016/s0769-2609(86)80030-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Valvano M. A., Crosa J. H. Aerobactin iron transport genes commonly encoded by certain ColV plasmids occur in the chromosome of a human invasive strain of Escherichia coli K1. Infect Immun. 1984 Oct;46(1):159–167. doi: 10.1128/iai.46.1.159-167.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  88. Valvano M. A., Crosa J. H. Molecular cloning, expression, and regulation in Escherichia coli K-12 of a chromosome-mediated aerobactin iron transport system from a human invasive isolate of E. coli K1. J Bacteriol. 1988 Dec;170(12):5529–5538. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.12.5529-5538.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  89. Valvano M. A., Silver R. P., Crosa J. H. Occurrence of chromosome- or plasmid-mediated aerobactin iron transport systems and hemolysin production among clonal groups of human invasive strains of Escherichia coli K1. Infect Immun. 1986 Apr;52(1):192–199. doi: 10.1128/iai.52.1.192-199.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  90. Wadolkowski E. A., Laux D. C., Cohen P. S. Colonization of the streptomycin-treated mouse large intestine by a human fecal Escherichia coli strain: role of adhesion to mucosal receptors. Infect Immun. 1988 May;56(5):1036–1043. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.5.1036-1043.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  91. Warner P. J., Williams P. H., Bindereif A., Neilands J. B. ColV plasmid-specific aerobactin synthesis by invasive strains of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1981 Aug;33(2):540–545. doi: 10.1128/iai.33.2.540-545.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  92. Waters V. L., Crosa J. H. DNA environment of the aerobactin iron uptake system genes in prototypic ColV plasmids. J Bacteriol. 1986 Aug;167(2):647–654. doi: 10.1128/jb.167.2.647-654.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  93. Waters V. L., Crosa J. H. Divergence of the aerobactin iron uptake systems encoded by plasmids pColV-K30 in Escherichia coli K-12 and pSMN1 in Aerobacter aerogenes 62-1. J Bacteriol. 1988 Nov;170(11):5153–5160. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.11.5153-5160.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. Waters V. L., Perez-Casal J. F., Crosa J. H. CoIV plasmids pCoIV-B188 and pCoIV-K30: genetic maps according to restriction enzyme sites and landmark phenotypic characteristics. Plasmid. 1989 Nov;22(3):244–248. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(89)90007-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  95. Williams P. H., Carbonetti N. H. Iron, siderophores, and the pursuit of virulence: independence of the aerobactin and enterochelin iron uptake systems in Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1986 Mar;51(3):942–947. doi: 10.1128/iai.51.3.942-947.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  96. Williams P. H. Novel iron uptake system specified by ColV plasmids: an important component in the virulence of invasive strains of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1979 Dec;26(3):925–932. doi: 10.1128/iai.26.3.925-932.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  97. Williams P. H., Warner P. J. ColV plasmid-mediated, colicin V-independent iron uptake system of invasive strains of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1980 Aug;29(2):411–416. doi: 10.1128/iai.29.2.411-416.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  98. Wold A. E., Thorssén M., Hull S., Edén C. S. Attachment of Escherichia coli via mannose- or Gal alpha 1----4Gal beta-containing receptors to human colonic epithelial cells. Infect Immun. 1988 Oct;56(10):2531–2537. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.10.2531-2537.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  99. Womble D. D., Rownd R. H. Genetic and physical map of plasmid NR1: comparison with other IncFII antibiotic resistance plasmids. Microbiol Rev. 1988 Dec;52(4):433–451. doi: 10.1128/mr.52.4.433-451.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  100. Yang C. C., Konisky J. Colicin V-treated Escherichia coli does not generate membrane potential. J Bacteriol. 1984 May;158(2):757–759. doi: 10.1128/jb.158.2.757-759.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  101. Zerbib D., Polard P., Escoubas J. M., Galas D., Chandler M. The regulatory role of the IS1-encoded InsA protein in transposition. Mol Microbiol. 1990 Mar;4(3):471–477. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00613.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  102. de Lorenzo V., Bindereif A., Paw B. H., Neilands J. B. Aerobactin biosynthesis and transport genes of plasmid ColV-K30 in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1986 Feb;165(2):570–578. doi: 10.1128/jb.165.2.570-578.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  103. de Lorenzo V., Wee S., Herrero M., Neilands J. B. Operator sequences of the aerobactin operon of plasmid ColV-K30 binding the ferric uptake regulation (fur) repressor. J Bacteriol. 1987 Jun;169(6):2624–2630. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.6.2624-2630.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Microbiological Reviews are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES