FIG 2 .

Toxtazin A, B, and Bʹ inhibit the virulence cascade in V. cholerae. (A and B) GFP expression (A) and terminal OD₆₀₀ (B) after 16 h in cultures grown overnight under toxin-inducing conditions with 0.16 µM to 50 µM of compounds. (C) CT expression levels in wild-type cultures grown overnight under various toxin-inducing conditions in the presence or absence of 10 µM compounds. The dotted line indicates the limit of detection. An isogenic ΔtoxR strains served as a control. (D) Western blot of O395 cultures treated with 10 µM compounds overnight in LB pH 6.5 at 30°C, using a TcpA antibody. (E) CT levels in cultures of RA286 grown overnight under toxin-inducing conditions in the presence or absence of 10 µM compounds. Error bars represent the standard deviations for three biological replicates. The dotted line indicates the limit of detection.