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Ray tracing simulation of (a) parallel light rays and (b) light rays from a point source propagating through a microball lens embedded in PDMS and focused in water. Light rays propagating through the edge of the ball lens undergoes spherical aberration and results in a photonic jet effect. Light rays illuminate at the middle of the ball lens get tightly focused to the focal point. It provides a 52∘ collection angle with small spherical aberration.
