Skip to main content
PMC home page
Applied Microbiology logoLink to Applied Microbiology
. 1970 Jan;19(1):39–43. doi: 10.1128/am.19.1.39-43.1970

Pathogenicity of Salmonella gallinarum After Metabolic Injury by Freezing 1

K M Sorrells 1, M L Speck 1, J A Warren 1
PMCID: PMC376605  PMID: 5461164

Abstract

Freezing (−75 C) and storage (−20 C) of a cell suspension of Salmonella gallinarum resulted in a heterogeneous population of dead, metabolically injured, and unharmed cells. Injured cells constituted as much as 40% of those surviving freezing and storage for 1 day. Replica plating of frozen and thawed cells indicated metabolic injury was repairable and not a stable mutation. Penicillin was used to increase the ratio of injured to uninjured cells from a frozen and thawed cell suspension. Pathogenicity was evaluated by observing per cent mortality after injecting injured or uninjured cells into separate sets of chicks. Mortality differences between wholly uninjured and predominantly injured populations were small and consistent (5% level) with a hypothesis of no difference.

Full text

PDF
39

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. AEA R. T., BUSHNELL O. A. Survival times of selected enteropathogenic bacteria in frozen passionfruit nectar base. Appl Microbiol. 1962 May;10:277–279. doi: 10.1128/am.10.3.277-279.1962. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ARPAI J. Nonlethal freezing injury to metabolism and motility of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol. 1962 Jul;10:297–301. doi: 10.1128/am.10.4.297-301.1962. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Ashwood-Smith M. J. On the genetic stability of bacteria to freezing and thawing. Cryobiology. 1965 Jul-Aug;2(1):39–43. doi: 10.1016/s0011-2240(65)80092-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bairdparker A. C., Davenport E. The effect of recovery medium on the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus after heat treatment and after the storage of frozen or dried cells. J Appl Bacteriol. 1965 Dec;28(3):390–402. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1965.tb02169.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. HARTSELL S. E. The longevity and behavior of pathogenic bacteria in frozen foods; the influence of plating media. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1951 Sep;41(9):1072–1077. doi: 10.2105/ajph.41.9.1072. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. LARKIN E. P., LITSKY W., FULLER J. E. Fecal streptococci in frozen foods. I. A bacteriological survey of some commercially frozen foods. Appl Microbiol. 1955 Mar;3(2):98–101. doi: 10.1128/am.3.2.98-101.1955. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. LEDERBERG J., LEDERBERG E. M. Replica plating and indirect selection of bacterial mutants. J Bacteriol. 1952 Mar;63(3):399–406. doi: 10.1128/jb.63.3.399-406.1952. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. MOSS C. W., SPECK M. L. Injury and death of Streptococcus lactis due to freezing and frozen storage. Appl Microbiol. 1963 Jul;11:326–329. doi: 10.1128/am.11.4.326-329.1963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. MacLeod R. A., Smith L. D., Gelinas R. Metabolic injury to bacteria. I. Effect of freezing and storage on the requirements of Aerobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli for growth. Can J Microbiol. 1966 Feb;12(1):61–72. doi: 10.1139/m66-010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. SIMON E. M., STAHL K. L., WILSON J. B. Preservation by freezedrying and the stability of virulence of Salmonella typhimurium. Appl Microbiol. 1963 Jul;11:371–376. doi: 10.1128/am.11.4.371-376.1963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. STRAKA R. P., STOKES J. L. Metabolic injury to bacteria at low temperatures. J Bacteriol. 1959 Aug;78:181–185. doi: 10.1128/jb.78.2.181-185.1959. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. SZTURM-RUBINSTEN S., CHAMFEUIL R., HUET M., MENANTAUD J. [Apropos of a culture of Shigella sonnei isolated from ice used for food]. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1960 Sep;99:456–458. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. WOODBURN M. J., STRONG D. H. Survival of Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis frozen in simplified food substrates. Appl Microbiol. 1960 Mar;8:109–113. doi: 10.1128/am.8.2.109-113.1960. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES