Abstract
Microtiter hemagglutination tests employing formalinized sheep erythrocytes sensitized with either crude or purified cholera toxin were used to assay the cholera antitoxin content of human sera. Comparable results were obtained with either crude or purified toxin-sensitized cells with the exception of two sera that gave unusually high hemagglutination titers with the crude toxin. Sera from 13 convalescent cholera patients showed a high degree of correlation between antitoxin levels as determined in vitro by the hemagglutination test and in vivo by the skin permeability factor neutralization test. Fourfold or greater rises in antitoxin levels between acute and convalescent sera were detected in 9 of 15 patients with bacteriologically proven cholera. No significant increases in titer were observed in 14 cases of noncholera diarrhea. Cholera antitoxin was detected by hemagglutination in only 1 of 33 sera, obtained from eight countries, containing vibriocidal antibodies. Formalinized sheep erythrocytes sensitized with toxin and stored at 4 C in the presence of 1:10,000 thimerosal were stable and sensitive for at least 6 months (the longest time tested).
Full text
PDF



Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Benenson A. S., Saad A., Mosley W. H., Ahmed A. Serological studies in cholera. 3. Serum toxin neutralization--rise in titre in response to infection with Vibrio cholerae, and the level in the "normal" population of East Pakistan. Bull World Health Organ. 1968;38(2):287–295. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CSIZMAS L. Preparation of formalinized erythrocytes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1960 Jan;103:157–160. doi: 10.3181/00379727-103-25444. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Craig J. P. Preparation of the vascular permeability factor of Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol. 1966 Sep;92(3):793–795. doi: 10.1128/jb.92.3.793-795.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Finkelstein R. A., Peterson J. W. In vitro detection of antibody to cholera enterotoxin in cholera patients and laboratory animals. Infect Immun. 1970 Jan;1(1):21–29. doi: 10.1128/iai.1.1.21-29.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ghosh A. K., Kasai G. J., Burrows W. Titration of antibody to soluble antigens of the cholera vibrios by passive haemagglutination. Bull World Health Organ. 1968;39(6):964–967. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hochstein H. D., Feeley J. C., Richardson S. H. Titration of cholera antitoxin levels by passive hemagglutination tests using fresh and formalinized sheep erythrocytes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1970 Jan;133(1):120–124. doi: 10.3181/00379727-133-34421. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kasai G. J., Burrows W. The titration of cholera toxin and antitoxin in the rabbit ileal loop. J Infect Dis. 1966 Dec;116(5):606–614. doi: 10.1093/infdis/116.5.606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MCINTYRE O. R., FEELEY J. C. PASSIVE SERUM PROTECTION OF THE INFANT RABBIT AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL CHOLERA. J Infect Dis. 1964 Dec;114:468–475. doi: 10.1093/infdis/114.5.468. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Martin A. R., Vernon T. M., Mosley W. H. Neutralization of the vascular permeability factor of Vibrio Cholerae in man. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1969 Mar;18(2):253–257. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mosley W. H., Aziz K. M. Serological evidence for the identity of the vascular permeability factor and ileal loop toxin of Vibrio cholerae. J Infect Dis. 1970 Mar;121(3):243–250. doi: 10.1093/infdis/121.3.243. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]