Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Applied Microbiology logoLink to Applied Microbiology
. 1971 Mar;21(3):470–475. doi: 10.1128/am.21.3.470-475.1971

Analysis of Clostridium botulinum Toxigenic Types A, B, and E for Fatty and Carbohydrate Content 1

Kearby J Fugate 1,2, Lydell B Hansen 1,2, Olivia White 1,2
PMCID: PMC377205  PMID: 4324194

Abstract

Lyophilized, 48-hr log-phase vegetative cells were extracted with chloroform-methanol (2:1, v/v) and ethanol-ether (3:1, v/v) and then saponified with methanolic KOH. Gas-liquid chromatography of the methyl esters of extractable fatty acids revealed distinctive “pattern profiles” of Clostridium botulinum toxigenic types “A,” “B,” and “E.” C. perfringens type “A” and Escherichia coli strain “B” were also studied in a similar manner and were found to give pattern profiles which were distinct even from those obtained for the C. botulinum microorganisms. Amino sugar content of the five microorganisms was determined by using a Beckman amino acid analyzer. The molar ratio of glucosamine to that of galactosamine was found to be of further assistance in distinguishing the individual microorganisms.

Full text

PDF
470

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ABEL K., DESCHMERTZING H., PETERSON J. I. CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS BY ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION. I. FEASIBILITY OF UTILIZING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. J Bacteriol. 1963 May;85:1039–1044. doi: 10.1128/jb.85.5.1039-1044.1963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brian B. L., Gardner E. W. A simple procedure for detecting the presence of cyclopropane fatty acids in bacterial lipids. Appl Microbiol. 1968 Apr;16(4):549–552. doi: 10.1128/am.16.4.549-552.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. CARROLL K. K. Separation of lipid classes by chromatography on Florisil. J Lipid Res. 1961 Apr;2:135–141. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. FOLCH J., LEES M., SLOANE STANLEY G. H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957 May;226(1):497–509. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Farshy D. C., Moss C. W. Characterization of clostridia by gas chromatography differentiation of species by trimethylsilyl derivatives of whole-cell hydrolysates. Appl Microbiol. 1970 Jul;20(1):78–84. doi: 10.1128/am.20.1.78-84.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. GOLDFINE H., BLOCH K. On the origin of unsaturated fatty acids in clostridia. J Biol Chem. 1961 Oct;236:2596–2601. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. HALL H. E., ANGELOTTI R., LEWIS K. H., FOTER M. J. CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD AND FOOD-BORNE DISEASE. J Bacteriol. 1963 May;85:1094–1103. doi: 10.1128/jb.85.5.1094-1103.1963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. HORNING E. C., AHRENS E. H., Jr, LIPSKY S. R., MATTSON F. H., MEAD J. F., TURNER D. A., GOLDWATER W. H. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACIDS BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J Lipid Res. 1964 Jan;5:20–27. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Henis Y., Gould J. R., Alexander M. Detection and identification of bacteria by gas chromatography. Appl Microbiol. 1966 Jul;14(4):513–524. doi: 10.1128/am.14.4.513-524.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kim J. H., Shome B., Liao T. H., Pierce J. G. Analysis of neutral sugars by gas-liquid chromatography of alditol acetates: application to thyrotropic hormone and other glycoproteins. Anal Biochem. 1967 Aug;20(2):258–274. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(67)90031-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kimble C. E., McCollough M. L., Paterno V. A., Anderson A. W. Comparison of the fatty acids of proteolytic type B and nonproteolytic types E and F of Clostridium botulinum. Appl Microbiol. 1969 Nov;18(5):883–888. doi: 10.1128/am.18.5.883-888.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kotzé J. P. Glycolytic and related enzymes in clostridial classification. Appl Microbiol. 1969 Nov;18(5):744–747. doi: 10.1128/am.18.5.744-747.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lynt R. K., Jr, Solomon H. M., Kautter D. A., Lilly T., Jr Serological studies of Clostridium botulinum type E and related organisms. J Bacteriol. 1967 Jan;93(1):27–35. doi: 10.1128/jb.93.1.27-35.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lüderitz O., Staub A. M., Westphal O. Immunochemistry of O and R antigens of Salmonella and related Enterobacteriaceae. Bacteriol Rev. 1966 Mar;30(1):192–255. doi: 10.1128/br.30.1.192-255.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Moss C. W., Lewis V. J. Characterization of clostridia by gas chromatography. I. Differentiation of species by cellular fatty acids. Appl Microbiol. 1967 Mar;15(2):390–397. doi: 10.1128/am.15.2.390-397.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. SCHEURBRANDT G., BLOCH K. Unsaturated fatty acids in microorganisms. J Biol Chem. 1962 Jul;237:2064–2068. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Solomon H. M., Lynt R. K., Jr, Kautter D. A., Lilly T., Jr Serological studies of Clostridium botulinum type E and related organisms. II. Serology of spores. J Bacteriol. 1969 May;98(2):407–414. doi: 10.1128/jb.98.2.407-414.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Takumi K., Kawata T. Chemical composition of the cell walls of Clostridium botulinum type A. Jpn J Microbiol. 1970 Jan;14(1):57–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1970.tb00491.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES