Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Applied Microbiology logoLink to Applied Microbiology
. 1969 Nov;18(5):824–833. doi: 10.1128/am.18.5.824-833.1969

Standardized Viral Hemagglutination and Hemagglutination-Inhibition Tests. II. Description and Statistical Evaluation

John C Hierholzer 1, Morris T Suggs 1, Elmer C Hall 1
PMCID: PMC378095  PMID: 4984203

Abstract

Standardized hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition procedures are described and statistically evaluated for all animal viruses where applicable, except for rubella and the arbovirus group. The standardized tests employ a constant phosphate-buffered saline diluent and constant volumes of serum, antigen, and standardized erythrocyte suspension. The standardized hemagglutination test has a reproducibility of 84 to 96% with adenoviruses, rubeola, and the myxoviruses, and 78 to 93% with reoviruses; the standardized hemagglutination-inhibition test has a reproducibility of 95 to 100% with all viruses tested.

Full text

PDF
824

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. EGGERS H. J., GOMATOS P. J., TAMM I. Agglutination of bovine erythrocytes: a general characteristic of reovirus type 3. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1962 Aug-Sep;110:879–881. doi: 10.3181/00379727-110-27679. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. FEORINO P. M., HUMPHREY D. D., GELFAND H. M. Routine HA and HAI tests for identifying enterovirus and reovirus strains. Public Health Rep. 1963 Apr;78:349–354. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. HORSFALL F. L., Jr, TAMM I. Fractional dilution procedure for precise titration of hemagglutinating viruses and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies. J Immunol. 1953 Mar;70(3):253–259. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Hierholzer J. C., Suggs M. T. Standardized viral hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. I. Standardization of erythrocyte suspensions. Appl Microbiol. 1969 Nov;18(5):816–823. doi: 10.1128/am.18.5.816-823.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Joklik W. K. The poxviruses. Bacteriol Rev. 1966 Mar;30(1):33–66. doi: 10.1128/br.30.1.33-66.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. KARZON D. T. Measles virus. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1962 Nov 30;101:527–539. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb18894.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. KERN J., ROSEN L. FACTORS AFFECTING HEMAGGLUTINATION BY ENTEROVIRUSES. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1964 Feb;115:536–541. doi: 10.3181/00379727-115-28961. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. KILHAM L. Hemagglutination by K-virus. Virology. 1961 Nov;15:384–385. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(61)90372-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kern J., Rosen L. Identification of enteroviruses by hemagglutination-inhibition. J Bacteriol. 1966 May;91(5):1936–1942. doi: 10.1128/jb.91.5.1936-1942.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Pereira H. G., Tůmová B., Law V. G. Avian influenza A viruses. Bull World Health Organ. 1965;32(6):855–860. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. ROSEN L. A hemagglutination-inhibition technique for typing adenoviruses. Am J Hyg. 1960 Jan;71:120–128. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120085. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Rapoza N. P. A classification of simian adenoviruses based on hemagglutination. Am J Epidemiol. 1967 Nov;86(3):736–745. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120781. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. SEVER J. L. Application of a microtechnique to viral serological investigations. J Immunol. 1962 Mar;88:320–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. SIMON M. Haemagglutination experiments with certain adenovirus type strains. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung. 1962;9:45–54. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Schmidt N. J., Lennette E. H., King C. J. Neutralizing, hemagglutination-inhibiting and group complement-fixing antibody responses in human adenovirus infections. J Immunol. 1966 Jul;97(1):64–74. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Styk B., Schmidt N. J., Dennis J. The use of rivanol treatment for removal from sera of nonspecific inhibitors of enterovirus and reovirus hemagglutination. Am J Epidemiol. 1968 Nov;88(3):398–405. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120900. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Toolan H. W. Agglutination of H-viruses with various types of red blood cells. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1967 Jan;124(1):144–146. doi: 10.3181/00379727-124-31685. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. WOODROOFE G. M., FENNER F. Serological relationships within the poxvirus group: an antigen common to all members of the group. Virology. 1962 Mar;16:334–341. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(62)90255-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES