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. 2013 Sep 17;3(11):3958–3985. doi: 10.1002/ece3.769

A bioturbation classification of European marine infaunal invertebrates

Ana M Queirós 1, Silvana N R Birchenough 2, Julie Bremner 2, Jasmin A Godbold 3, Ruth E Parker 2, Alicia Romero-Ramirez 4, Henning Reiss 5,6, Martin Solan 3, Paul J Somerfield 1, Carl Van Colen 7, Gert Van Hoey 8, Stephen Widdicombe 1
PMCID: PMC3810888  PMID: 24198953

Abstract

Bioturbation, the biogenic modification of sediments through particle reworking and burrow ventilation, is a key mediator of many important geochemical processes in marine systems. In situ quantification of bioturbation can be achieved in a myriad of ways, requiring expert knowledge, technology, and resources not always available, and not feasible in some settings. Where dedicated research programmes do not exist, a practical alternative is the adoption of a trait-based approach to estimate community bioturbation potential (BPc). This index can be calculated from inventories of species, abundance and biomass data (routinely available for many systems), and a functional classification of organism traits associated with sediment mixing (less available). Presently, however, there is no agreed standard categorization for the reworking mode and mobility of benthic species. Based on information from the literature and expert opinion, we provide a functional classification for 1033 benthic invertebrate species from the northwest European continental shelf, as a tool to enable the standardized calculation of BPc in the region. Future uses of this classification table will increase the comparability and utility of large-scale assessments of ecosystem processes and functioning influenced by bioturbation (e.g., to support legislation). The key strengths, assumptions, and limitations of BPc as a metric are critically reviewed, offering guidelines for its calculation and application.

Keywords: Biodiversity, biogeochemical, ecosystem function, functional group, good environmental status, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, process, trait

Introduction

Marine soft-sediment habitats represent some of the most functionally important ecosystems on Earth, being characterized by a high biomass and diversity of invertebrate organisms that are fundamental to the mediation of a wealth of goods and services (Lotze et al. 2006; White et al. 2010; Widdicombe and Somerfield 2012). Infaunal invertebrates exhibit significant influence over benthic sedimentary geochemical environments in soft sediments through bioturbation, that is, the mixing of sediment and particulate materials carried out during foraging, feeding and burrow maintenance activities, and the enhancement of pore water and solute advection during burrow ventilation (Richter 1936; Rhoads 1974; Volkenborn et al. 2010). These processes influence oxygen, pH and redox gradients (Stahl et al. 2006; Pischedda et al. 2008; Queirós et al. 2011), metal cycling (Teal et al. 2009), sediment granulometry (Montserrat et al. 2009), pollutant release (Gilbert et al. 1994), macrofauna diversity (Volkenborn et al. 2007), bacterial activity and composition (Mermillod-Blondin and Rosenberg 2006; Gilbertson et al. 2012), and ultimately carbon (Kristensen 2001) and nitrogen cycling (Bertics et al. 2010). Hence, in light of anticipated changes to marine systems associated with human activity (Halpern et al. 2008; Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno 2010), large-scale assessments of bioturbation can contribute to a better understanding of how of ecosystem functioning is mediated by biological activity.

Community bioturbation potential (BPc) is a metric first described by Solan et al. (2004a), which combines abundance and biomass data with information about the life traits of individual species or taxonomic groups. This information describes modes of sediment reworking (Ri) and mobility (Mi) of taxa in a dataset, two traits known to regulate biological sediment mixing, a key component of bioturbation (Solan 2000; and refereces therein; Solan et al. 2004b). BPc is thus not a direct measure of the process of bioturbation. Rather, BPc provides an estimate of the potential of a community to bioturbate. Hence, where macrofauna abundance and biomass data are available, BPc provides a means to estimate the extent to which benthic communities are likely to affect important ecosystem properties that underpin ecosystem functioning. The consequences of environmentally driven changes in biodiversity to BPc, and its relation to ecosystem functioning, have been explored in this way in terrestrial (Bunker et al. 2005) and marine habitats (Solan et al. 2004a,b); at the local (Lohrer et al. 2010; Teal et al. 2013) and regional scales (Queirós et al. 2011; Birchenough et al. 2012; Solan et al. 2012); for different contexts (e.g., habitat structure and hypoxia, Queirós et al. 2011; Van Colen et al. 2012; Villnäs et al. 2012); and for a variety of ecosystem functions including productivity (Solan et al. 2012), nutrient cycling (Solan et al. 2004a), carbon storage (Bunker et al. 2005; Solan et al. 2012), and decomposition (Josefson et al. 2012). By calculating BPc over time, or for different locations or scenarios, changes in the efficiency of the organism-sediment couple can be monitored for compliance in support of management and policy objectives (Painting et al. 2012; Van Hoey et al. 2013). For example, the effects of simulated changes in benthic community structure have previously been used to explore possible changes in ecosystem properties like sediment organic carbon at the North Sea scale, based on empirically derived relationships between BPc and sediment organic carbon (Fig. 1). Similar uses of BPc could invaluably contribute to an increased understanding of the role of ecosystem structure in the sustenance of marine functioning and its resilience to human activities, an urgent need under current European legislation (Marine Strategy Framework Directive, 2008/56/EC).

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Percentage of sediment organic carbon (circles, diameter scaled to %) at each of 109 sites sampled during the North sea benthos Survey conducted by the Benthos Ecology Working Group of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea in 1986 (left column, “100%”), and following the implementation of simulated trait based extinction scenarios (right column, “50%”). By combining measurements of ecosystem functions with information on relevant species traits (abundance, biomass, functional group and behaviour), empirically derived relationships between specific ecosystem functions and BPc can be derived. In this case, the relationship between BPc and sediment % of organic carbon. Species extinction scenarios can be simulated and the consequential changes in ecosystem functioning recalculated based on changes in community composition and/or structure following implementation of each scenario. In this example, the predicted levels of sediment organic carbon content are presented for a 50% reduction in species richness (right column, “50%”) following sequential local expiration of species ordered by the most abundant species within a site (top row), those with the largest biomass (second row from top), or by the most abundant species across the region (bottom row). The consequences for ecosystem functioning (here, sediment organic carbon content) following these ordered extinction scenarios contrast to a scenario where species are extirpated in a random order (third row from top). Implementing various trait-based extinction scenarios in this way provides insights on possible outcomes following, for example, changes in management or as a result of anthropogenic forcing. Modified from Solan et al. (2012).

A significant obstacle in the widespread application of BPc, however, is the need for a standard classification scheme that is supported by the benthic research community. As a first step in fulfilling this research gap, we present the findings of the Study Group on Climate Related Benthic Processes in the North Sea, an expert group appointed by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES SGCBNS). We present the conclusions of a series of dedicated workshops tasked with deriving a functional classification of northwest European marine invertebrate species to facilitate the calculation of BPc in different regions of the North Atlantic.

Methods

The classification of marine invertebrate infauna into bioturbation groups was carried out using 18 datasets compiled from northwest European waters (n = 1033 species). Following Swift (1993) and Solan et al. (2004a), each taxon (1) was scored on categorical scales that reflect increasing mobility (Mi) from 1 (living in a fixed tube) to 4 (free three dimensional movement via burrow system), and increasing sediment reworking (Ri) from 1 (epifauna that bioturbate at the sediment–water interface) to 5 (regenerators that excavate holes, transferring sediment at depth to the surface).

graphic file with name ece30003-3958-m1.jpg

Bi and Ai are the biomass and abundance of species/taxon i in a sample. Trait scores were derived from an extensive review of published material and expert knowledge (consensus of 12 authors), and details of the scoring system are provided below. Species for which no published information was available were scored based on descriptions of species behavior and information on closely related species at the nearest taxonomic level. As BPc captures information about sediment particle reworking, pelagic species and those living on hard substrates were not included. Sediment reworking functional types were also defined (Fti), according to François et al. (1997), Solan (2000), and Gérino et al. (2003). Taxonomic information and Aphia ID (a unique species database identifier) were extracted from the World Register of Marine Species (2012).

Results

Table 1 provides the classifications for mobility (Mi) and sediment particle reworking (Ri) assigned to the 1033 marine invertebrate species (and other taxa) from northwest European waters, and the associated sediment reworking functional types (Fti). Please refer to the table for details of the scoring criteria.

Table 1.

Bioturbation potential allocations for 1033 macrofaunal species. Mi and Ri are the reworking and mobility traits, and Fti is the corresponding sediment reworking functional types.

Scientific Name Aphia ID Ri Mi Fti Phylum Class Order Family
Grania 369702 4 3 B Annelida Clitellata Enchytraeida Caenogastropoda
Tubificoides amplivasatus 137570 4 3 B Annelida Clitellata Haplotaxida Tubificidae
Tubificoides insularis 137578 4 3 B Annelida Clitellata Haplotaxida Tubificidae
Tubificoides pseudogaster 137582 4 3 B Annelida Clitellata Haplotaxida Tubificidae
 Oligochaeta 2036 4 3 B Annelida Clitellata
Cossura longocirrata 129984 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Cossuridae
Chirimia biceps 130277 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Clymenura lankesteri 130284 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Euclymene 129347 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Lumbriclymene 129350 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Nicomache 129357 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Rhodine 129363 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Ophelia borealis 130491 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae
Ophelina cylindricaudata 465714 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae
Ophelina modesta 130507 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae
Ophelina norvegica 130508 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae
Travisia forbesii 130512 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae
Orbinia norvegica 156278 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae
Aricidea (Acmira) laubieri 326587 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Aricidea (Allia) roberti 326598 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Aricidea (Aricidea) wassi 326605 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Aricidea simonae 130570 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Aricidea suecica 130572 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Cirrophorus armatus 152339 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Paraonis fulgens 146932 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Polygordius 129472 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Polygordiidae
Protodriloides chaetifer 130837 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Protodriloididae
Polyphysia crassa 130977 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Scalibregmatidae
Paramphinome jeffreysii 129837 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Amphinomida Amphinomidae
Pareurythoe borealis 129838 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Amphinomida Amphinomidae
Euphrosine foliosa 130083 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Amphinomida Euphrosinidae
Capitellida 890 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Capitellida
Ophryotrocha 129266 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Dorvilleidae
Parougia caeca 130036 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Dorvilleidae
Parougia eliasoni 130037 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Dorvilleidae
Parougia nigridentata 130039 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Dorvilleidae
Protodorvillea kefersteini 130041 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Dorvilleidae
Schistomeringos 129274 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Dorvilleidae
Schistomeringos rudolphii 154127 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Dorvilleidae
Eunice 129278 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Eunicidae
Eunice dubitata 130055 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Eunicidae
Eunice pennata 130060 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Eunicidae
Eunicidae 966 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Eunicidae
Lysidice ninetta 130071 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Eunicidae
Marphysa 129281 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Eunicidae
Marphysa bellii 130072 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Eunicidae
Nematonereis unicornis 594957 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Eunicidae
Abyssoninoe 129331 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
Abyssoninoe hibernica 146469 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
Lumbrineriopsis paradoxa 130235 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
Lumbrineris 129337 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
Lumbrineris agastos 130236 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
Lumbrineris aniara 130238 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
Lumbrineris fragilis 152285 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
Lumbrineris gracilis 130244 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
Lumbrineris latreilli 130248 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
Lumbrineris magnidentata 155360 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
Ninoe armoricana 130254 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
Scoletoma 129340 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
Scoletoma impatiens 130263 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Lumbrineridae
 Arabella 129199 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Oenonidae
Arabella iricolor 129854 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Oenonidae
Drilonereis 129200 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Oenonidae
Drilonereis filum 129856 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Oenonidae
Hyalinoecia tubicola 130464 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Onuphidae
Nothria conchylega 130467 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Onuphidae
Nothria hyperborea 181500 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Onuphidae
Onuphis 129404 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Onuphidae
Paradiopatra /quadricuspis 130480 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida Onuphidae
Eunicida 895 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Eunicida
Eupanthalis kinbergi 129735 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Acoetidae
Aphrodita aculeata 129840 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Aphroditidae
Aphroditidae 938 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Aphroditidae
Glycera 129296 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Glyceridae
Glycera alba 130116 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Glyceridae
Glycera celtica 130119 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Glyceridae
Glycera fallax 336908 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Glyceridae
Glycera gigantea 130122 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Glyceridae
Glycera lapidum 130123 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Glyceridae
Glycera oxycephala 130126 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Glyceridae
Glycera rouxii 130127 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Glyceridae
Glycera tesselata 130128 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Glyceridae
Glycera tridactyla 130130 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Glyceridae
Glycera unicornis 130131 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Glyceridae
Glyceridae 952 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Glyceridae
Glycinde nordmanni 130136 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Goniadidae
Goniada 129300 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Goniadidae
Goniada maculata 130140 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Goniadidae
Goniadella 129301 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Goniadidae
Goniadella gracilis 130145 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Goniadidae
Gyptis 129307 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Hesionidae
Hesionidae 946 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Hesionidae
Kefersteinia cirrata 130164 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Hesionidae
Microphthalmus 129313 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Hesionidae
Microphthalmus similis 130176 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Hesionidae
Nereimyra punctata 130185 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Hesionidae
Oxydromus agilis 710683 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Hesionidae
Oxydromus flexuosus 710680 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Hesionidae
Podarkeopsis capensis 130195 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Hesionidae
Psamathe fusca 152249 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Hesionidae
Syllidia armata 130198 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Hesionidae
Aglaophamus agilis 130343 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nephtyidae
Nephtyidae 956 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nephtyidae
Nephtys 129370 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nephtyidae
Nephtys assimilis 130353 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nephtyidae
Nephtys caeca 130355 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nephtyidae
Nephtys cirrosa 130357 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nephtyidae
Nephtys hombergii 130359 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nephtyidae
Nephtys hystricis 130360 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nephtyidae
Nephtys incisa 130362 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nephtyidae
Nephtys kersivalensis 130363 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nephtyidae
Nephtys longosetosa 130364 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nephtyidae
Nephtys paradoxa 130365 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nephtyidae
Nereididae 22496 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereidae
Alitta succinea 234850 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereididae
Ceratocephale loveni 130367 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereididae
Eunereis elittoralis 130374 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereididae
Eunereis longissima 130375 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereididae
Hediste diversicolor 152302 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereididae
Micronereis variegata 130380 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereididae
Neanthes fucata 130387 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereididae
Neanthes irrorata 130389 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereididae
Nereis 129379 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereididae
Nereis pelagica 130404 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereididae
Nereis zonata 130407 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereididae
Websterinereis glauca 130426 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereididae
Paralacydonia paradoxa 130545 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Paralacydoniidae
Pholoe 129439 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Pholoidae
Pholoe assimilis 130598 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Pholoidae
Pholoe baltica 130599 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Pholoidae
Pholoe inornata 130601 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Pholoidae
Pholoe minuta 130603 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Pholoidae
Pholoe pallida 130604 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Pholoidae
Chaetoparia nilssoni 130610 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Eteone 129443 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Eteone barbata 231870 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Eteone flava 130613 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Eteone foliosa 130614 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Eteone longa 130616 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Eulalia 129445 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Eulalia mustela 130631 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Eulalia viridis 130639 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Eumida 129446 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Eumida bahusiensis 130641 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Eumida sanguinea 130644 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Hesionura elongata 130649 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Hypereteone foliosa 152250 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Mysta picta 147026 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Nereiphylla rubiginosa 130659 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Paranaitis kosteriensis 130662 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Phyllodoce 129455 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Phyllodoce (Anaitides) groenlandica 130668 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Phyllodoce groenlandica 334506 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Phyllodoce laminosa 130670 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Phyllodoce lineata 334508 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Phyllodoce longipes 130673 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Phyllodoce maculata 334510 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Phyllodoce mucosa 334512 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Phyllodoce rosea 334514 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Phyllodocidae 931 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Pirakia punctifera 147104 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Pseudomystides limbata 130683 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Sige fusigera 130690 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Phyllodocidae
Ancistargis hamata 130692 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Pilargidae
Ancistrosyllis groenlandica 130695 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Pilargidae
Glyphohesione klatti 130696 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Pilargidae
Pilargis verrucosa 130700 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Pilargidae
Sigambra parva 130702 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Pilargidae
Pisione remota 130707 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Pisionidae
Acholoe squamosa 146474 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Alentia gelatinosa 130722 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Enipo elisabethae 130737 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Enipo kinbergi 130738 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Enipo kinbergi 130738 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Eunoe nodosa 130745 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Gattyana amondseni 130748 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Gattyana cirrhosa 130749 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Harmothoe 129491 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Harmothoe extenuata 130762 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Harmothoe fraserthomsoni 130764 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Harmothoe glabra 571832 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Harmothoe impar 130770 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Lepidonotus squamatus 130801 1 1 E Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Malmgrenia 147006 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Malmgrenia andreapolis 147008 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Malmgreniella 129499 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Malmgreniella arenicolae 130810 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Malmgreniella castanea 130811 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Malmgreniella darbouxi 130812 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Malmgreniella lilianae 130814 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Malmgreniella ljungmani 130815 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Malmgreniella lunulata 130816 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Malmgreniella mcintoshi 130818 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Malmgreniella polypapillata 236712 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Polynoidae 939 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Polynoinae 155091 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Polynoidae
Labioleanira yhleni 131067 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Sigalionidae
Neoleanira tetragona 131069 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Sigalionidae
Sigalion mathildae 131072 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Sigalionidae
Sigalionidae 943 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Sigalionidae
Sthenelais 129595 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Sigalionidae
Sthenelais boa 131074 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Sigalionidae
Sthenelais limicola 131077 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Sigalionidae
Ephesiella abyssorum 131081 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Sphaerodoridae
Sphaerodorum gracilis 131100 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Sphaerodoridae
Erinaceusyllis erinaceus 195953 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Eurysyllis tuberculata 131288 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Eusyllis assimilis 131289 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Eusyllis blomstrandi 131290 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Exogone (Exogone) naidina 131304 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Exogone (Exogone) verugera 131307 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Exogone (Parexogone) hebes 131302 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Myrianida 129659 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Myrianida prolifera 238200 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Odontosyllis ctenostoma 131325 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Odontosyllis gibba 131328 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Pionosyllis 129669 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Proceraea 129671 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Prosphaerosyllis tetralix 195980 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Sphaerosyllis bulbosa 131379 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Sphaerosyllis hystrix 131388 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Sphaerosyllis taylori 131394 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Streptodonta pterochaeta 238207 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Streptosyllis websteri 131402 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Syllidae 948 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Syllides benedicti 131405 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Syllis 129680 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Syllis armillaris 131415 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Syllis cornuta 157583 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Syllis gracilis 131435 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Syllis hyalina 131436 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Syllis prolifera 131452 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Trypanosyllis (Trypanosyllis) coeliaca 335151 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Trypanosyllis zebra 131467 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Syllidae
Tomopteris (Johnstonella) helgolandica 334946 1 2 E Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida Tomopteridae
Galathowenia oculata 146950 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Oweniidae
Myriochele 129426 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Oweniidae
Myriochele heeri 130542 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Oweniidae
Owenia fusiformis 130544 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Oweniidae
Oweniidae 975 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Oweniidae
Sabellaria spinulosa 130867 1 1 E Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellariidae
Sabellariidae 979 1 1 E Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellariidae
Branchiomma bombyx 130878 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Chone 129525 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Chone acustica 130885 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Chone duneri 130888 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Euchone 129528 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Euchone rubrocincta 130909 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Euchone southerni 130910 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Jasmineira candela 130919 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Jasmineira caudata 130920 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Jasmineira elegans 130921 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Paradialychone filicaudata 558743 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Potamethus murrayi 416508 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Potamilla reniformis 155389 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Pseudopotamilla reniformis 130963 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Sabella pavonina 130967 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Sabellidae 985 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Sabellida Sabellidae
Apistobranchus 129198 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Apistobranchidae
Apistobranchus tenuis 129850 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Apistobranchidae
Apistobranchus tullbergi 129851 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Apistobranchidae
Chaetopteridae 918 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Chaetopteridae
Chaetopterus variopedatus 129914 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Chaetopteridae
Spiochaetopterus costarum 129922 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Chaetopteridae
Spiochaetopterus typicus 129924 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Chaetopteridae
Magelona 129341 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Magelonidae
Magelona alleni 130266 2 1 S Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Magelonidae
Magelona filiformis 130268 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Magelonidae
Magelona johnstoni 130269 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Magelonidae
Magelona minuta 130270 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Magelonidae
Magelona mirabilis 130271 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Magelonidae
Magelonidae 914 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Magelonidae
Poecilochaetidae 916 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Poecilochaetidae
Poecilochaetus serpens 130711 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Poecilochaetidae
Aonides 129605 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Aonides oxycephala 131106 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Aonides paucibranchiata 131107 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Aurospio banyulensis 146532 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Dipolydora caulleryi 131116 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Dipolydora coeca 131117 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Dipolydora socialis 131124 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Laonice 129613 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Laonice bahusiensis 131127 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Laonice cirrata 131128 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Laonice sarsi 131129 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Malacoceros fuliginosus 131131 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Microspio atlantica 131137 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Minuspio cirrifera 152392 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Paraprionospio pinnata 131140 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Paraspio decorata 334397 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Polydora 129619 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Polydora ciliata 131141 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Polydora cornuta 131143 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Prionospio 129620 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Prionospio caspersi 131152 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Prionospio cirrifera 131153 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Prionospio dubia 131155 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Prionospio ehlersi 131156 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Prionospio fallax 131157 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Prionospio malmgreni 131159 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Prionospio multibranchiata 131160 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Prionospio saldanha 338540 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Prionospio sexoculata 131163 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Prionospio steenstrupi 131164 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Pseudopolydora antennata 131166 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata 131168 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Pseudopolydora pulchra 131169 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Pygospio elegans 131170 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Scolelepis 129623 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Scolelepis (Scolelepis) foliosa 334741 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Scolelepis (Scolelepis) squamata 157566 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Scolelepis bonnieri 131171 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Scolelepis korsuni 131174 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Scolelepis tridentata 131178 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Spio 129625 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Spio armata 131180 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Spio filicornis 131183 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Spio goniocephala 131184 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Spio martinensis 131185 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Spio multioculata 131186 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Spionidae 913 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Spiophanes 129626 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Spiophanes bombyx 131187 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Spiophanes kroyeri 131188 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Spiophanes wigleyi 131190 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Streblospio benedicti 131191 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Spionida Spionidae
Macrochaeta clavicornis 129745 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Acrocirridae
Macrochaeta helgolandica 129746 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Acrocirridae
Ampharete 129155 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Ampharete acutifrons 129775 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Ampharete baltica 129776 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Ampharete falcata 129777 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Ampharete finmarchica 129778 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Ampharete grubei 152272 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Ampharetidae 981 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Amphicteis gunneri 129784 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Amphicteis midas 129785 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Amythasides macroglossus 129788 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Anobothrus gracilis 129789 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Melinna cristata 129804 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Melinna elisabethae 129805 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Melinna palmata 129808 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Mugga wahrbergi 129813 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Pterolysippe vanelli 334692 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Samytha sexcirrata 129819 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Sosane sulcata 129821 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Ampharetidae
Aphelochaeta 129240 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Aphelochaeta filiformis 129937 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Aphelochaeta marioni 129938 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Caulleriella 129241 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Caulleriella alata 129943 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Caulleriella bioculata 129944 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Caulleriella killariensis 129945 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Caulleriella zetlandica 129948 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Caulleriella zetlandica 129948 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Chaetozone 129242 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Chaetozone christiei 152217 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Chaetozone gibber 129953 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Chaetozone setosa 129955 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Cirratulidae 919 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Cirratulus 129243 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Cirratulus caudatus 129957 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Cirriformia tentaculata 129964 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Monticellina dorsobranchialis 129972 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Monticellina heterochaeta 129973 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Tharyx 129249 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Cirratulidae
Fauveliopsis 129288 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Fauveliopsidae
Brada villosa 130099 3 2 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Flabelligeridae
Diplocirrus glaucus 130100 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Flabelligeridae
Flabelligeridae 976 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Flabelligeridae
Pherusa monilifera 130112 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Flabelligeridae
Pherusa plumosa 130113 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Flabelligeridae
Amphictene auricoma 152448 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Pectinariidae
Lagis koreni 152367 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Pectinariidae
Pectinaria 129437 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Pectinariidae
Pectinaria (Amphictene) auricoma 130590 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Pectinariidae
Pectinariidae 980 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Pectinariidae
Sternaspis scutata 131242 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Sternaspidae
Amaeana trilobata 131471 3 1 UC/DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Axionice maculata 131484 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Eupolymnia nesidensis 131490 1 1 E Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Hauchiella tribullata 152389 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Lanice 129697 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Lanice conchilega 131495 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Lysilla loveni 131500 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Neoamphitrite affinis 131502 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Nicolea zostericola 131508 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Paramphitrite birulai 152454 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Phisidia aurea 131513 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Pista cristata 131516 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Pista lornensis 154972 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Pistella lornensis 131522 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Polycirrus 129710 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Polycirrus medusa 131531 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Streblosoma bairdi 131538 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Streblosoma intestinale 131540 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Terebella 129713 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Terebellidae 982 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Thelepus cincinnatus 131543 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Thelepus setosus 131544 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Terebellidae
Terebellides stroemii 131573 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Trichobranchidae
Trichobranchidae 983 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Trichobranchidae
Trichobranchus glacialis 131574 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Trichobranchidae
Trichobranchus roseus 131575 3 1 DC Annelida Polychaeta Terebellida Trichobranchidae
Arenicolides 129207 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Arenicolidae
Capitella 129211 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae
Capitella capitata 129876 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae
Capitella minima 129879 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae
Capitellidae 921 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae
Heteromastus filiformis 129884 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae
Mediomastus fragilis 129892 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae
Notomastus 129220 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae
Notomastus latericeus 129898 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae
Peresiella clymenoides 129906 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae
Pseudoleiocapitella 129226 3 2 UC Annelida Polychaeta Capitellidae
Cossuridae 908 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Cossuridae
Asychis biceps 146523 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Clymenella torquata 130279 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Clymenura 129346 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Euclymene droebachiensis 130291 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Euclymene lombricoides 209899 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Euclymene oerstedi 130294 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Heteroclymene robusta 146978 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Johnstonia clymenoides 130298 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Macroclymene santandarensis 130301 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Maldanidae 923 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Notoproctus 129358 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Praxillella affinis 130322 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Praxillella gracilis 130324 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Rhodine gracilior 130330 3 1 UC Annelida Polychaeta Maldanidae
Euzonus flabelligerus 130487 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae
Ophelia limacina 130494 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae
Opheliidae 924 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae
Ophelina acuminata 130500 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae
Polyophthalmus pictus 130510 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Opheliidae
Orbinia (Orbinia) sertulata 334310 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae
Orbiniidae 902 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae
Scoloplos 129425 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae
Scoloplos (Scoloplos) armiger 334772 4 3 B Annelida Polychaeta Orbiniidae
Aedicira mediterranea 130546 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Aricidea 129430 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Aricidea (Acmira) catherinae 333034 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Aricidea (Acmira) cerrutii 525497 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Aricidea (Acmira) lopezi 333036 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Aricidea minuta 130564 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Cirrophorus branchiatus 130576 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Levinsenia gracilis 130578 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Paradoneis lyra 130585 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Paraonidae 903 2 3 S Annelida Polychaeta Paraonidae
Polygordius appendiculatus 130712 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Polygordiidae
Polygordius lacteus 130714 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Polygordiidae
Protodriloides 129513 2 2 S Annelida Polychaeta Protodriloididae
Asclerocheilus intermedius 130974 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Scalibregmatidae
Scalibregma celticum 130979 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Scalibregmatidae
Scalibregma inflatum 130980 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Scalibregmatidae
Scalibregmatidae 925 4 4 B Annelida Polychaeta Scalibregmatidae
Acidostoma 101586 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Acidostomatidae
Ampelisca 101445 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Ampelisca armoricana 101888 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Ampelisca brevicornis 101891 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Ampelisca diadema 101896 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Ampelisca gibba 101898 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Ampelisca macrocephala 101908 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Ampelisca sarsi 101923 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Ampelisca spinipes 101928 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Ampelisca tenuicornis 101930 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Ampelisca typica 101933 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Ampelisca vervecei 101937 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Byblis 101446 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Haploops tubicola 101958 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampeliscidae
Amphilochoides boecki 101960 2 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Amphilochidae
Amphilochoides serratipes 101963 2 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Amphilochidae
Amphilochus manudens 101967 2 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Amphilochidae
Amphilochus neapolitanus 101968 2 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Amphilochidae
Gitana sarsi 101977 2 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Amphilochidae
Paramphilochoides odontonyx 101982 2 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Amphilochidae
Ampithoe ramondi 102000 1 1 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ampithoidae
Aora gracilis 102012 1 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Aoridae
Aora typica 146895 1 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Aoridae
Aoridae 101368 1 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Aoridae
Autonoe longipes 102021 1 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Aoridae
Microdeutopus 101471 1 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Aoridae
Argissa hamatipes 102064 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Argissidae
Atylus 101497 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Atylidae
Atylus guttatus 102127 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Atylidae
Atylus swammerdami 102131 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Atylidae
Atylus vedlomensis 102132 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Atylidae
Nototropis falcatus 102139 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Atylidae
Apherusa 101509 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Calliopiidae
Apherusa bispinosa 102160 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Calliopiidae
Apherusa clevei 102164 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Calliopiidae
Apherusa jurinei 102168 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Calliopiidae
Apherusa ovalipes 102172 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Calliopiidae
Caprella acanthifera 101822 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Caprellidae
Caprella linearis 101839 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Caprellidae
Pariambus typicus 101857 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Caprellidae
Parvipalpus capillaceus 101858 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Caprellidae
Phtisica marina 101864 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Caprellidae
Pseudoprotella phasma 101871 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Caprellidae
Cheirocratus 101669 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Cheirocratidae
Cheirocratus intermedius 102795 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Cheirocratidae
Cheirocratus sundevalli 102798 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Cheirocratidae
Apocorophium lacustre 148594 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Corophium 101489 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Crassicorophium bonellii 237004 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Leptocheirus 101470 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Leptocheirus hirsutimanus 102036 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Leptocheirus mariae 102038 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Leptocheirus pectinatus 102039 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Leptocheirus tricristatus 102041 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Medicorophium affine 423507 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Monocorophium acherusicum 225814 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Monocorophium insidiosum 148592 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Monocorophium sextonae 148603 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Protomedeia 101574 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Corophiidae
Peltocoxa brevirostris 101983 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Cyproideidae
Dexamine 101498 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Dexaminidae
Dexamine spinosa 102135 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Dexaminidae
Guernea (Guernea) coalita 102137 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Dexaminidae
Tritaeta gibbosa 102141 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Dexaminidae
Dyopedos 101736 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Dulichiidae
Dyopedos monacantha 103042 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Dulichiidae
Eusirus longipes 102202 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Eusiridae
Haustorius arenarius 102317 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Haustoriidae
Hyperia galba 103251 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Hyperiidae
Iphimedia 101554 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Iphimediidae
Iphimedia minuta 102345 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Iphimediidae
Iphimedia obesa 102347 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Iphimediidae
Ericthonius punctatus 102408 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ischyroceridae
Jassa falcata 102431 1 1 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ischyroceridae
Siphonoecetes (Centraloecetes) kroyeranus 102111 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ischyroceridae
Siphonoecetes (Centraloecetes) neapolitanus 102112 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ischyroceridae
Siphonoecetes (Centraloecetes) striatus 102115 1 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Ischyroceridae
Leucothoe incisa 102460 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Leucothoidae
Leucothoe lilljeborgi 102462 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Leucothoidae
Leucothoe richiardii 212784 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Leucothoidae
Leucothoe spinicarpa 102470 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Leucothoidae
Liljeborgia 101582 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Liljeborgiidae
Liljeborgia kinahani 102483 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Liljeborgiidae
Liljeborgia pallida 102485 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Liljeborgiidae
Liljeborgia psaltrica 102486 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Liljeborgiidae
Listriella mollis 102488 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Liljeborgiidae
Hippomedon bidentatus 102569 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Lysianassidae
Hippomedon denticulatus 102570 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Lysianassidae
Hippomedon massiliensis 102576 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Lysianassidae
Lepidepecreum longicornis 102599 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Lysianassidae
Lysianassidae 101395 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Lysianassidae
Orchomene humilis 102665 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Lysianassidae
Orchomenella nana 102691 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Lysianassidae
Tryphosella sarsi 102771 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Lysianassidae
Tryphosella simillima 102773 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Lysianassidae
Tryphosites longipes 102779 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Lysianassidae
Acidostoma nodiferum 102496 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Lysianassidae s.l.
Acidostoma obesum 102497 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Lysianassidae s.l.
Animoceradocus semiserratus 531364 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Maeridae
Maera 101675 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Maeridae
Maera grossimana 102815 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Maeridae
Maera loveni 102820 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Maeridae
Maera schmidti 102826 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Maeridae
Othomaera othonis 534781 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Maeridae
Megaluropus agilis 102783 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Megaluropidae
Abludomelita obtusata 102788 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Melitidae
Eriopisa elongata 102807 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Melitidae
Maerella tenuimana 102831 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Melitidae
Microprotopus 101561 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Microprotopidae
Microprotopus maculatus 102380 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Microprotopidae
Odius carinatus 102861 1 3 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Odiidae
Deflexilodes acutipes 236538 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Oedicerotidae
Deflexilodes gibbosus 236539 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Oedicerotidae
Monoculodes carinatus 102882 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Oedicerotidae
Perioculodes longimanus 102915 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Oedicerotidae
Pontocrates altamarinus 102916 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Oedicerotidae
Pontocrates arenarius 102918 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Oedicerotidae
Synchelidium haplocheles 102924 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Oedicerotidae
Synchelidium maculatum 102928 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Oedicerotidae
Westwoodilla caecula 102932 2 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Oedicerotidae
Westwoodilla rectirostris 102937 2 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Oedicerotidae
Gammaropsis cornuta 148545 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Photidae
Gammaropsis maculata 102364 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Photidae
Gammaropsis nitida 102367 1 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Photidae
Gammaropsis palmata 102369 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Photidae
Gammaropsis sophiae 102371 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Photidae
Megamphopus cornutus 102377 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Photidae
Photis longicaudata 102383 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Photidae
Photis reinhardi 102387 2 1 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Photidae
Harpinia 101716 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Phoxocephalidae
Harpinia agna 102957 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Phoxocephalidae
Harpinia ala 102958 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Phoxocephalidae
Harpinia antennaria 102960 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Phoxocephalidae
Harpinia crenulata 102963 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Phoxocephalidae
Harpinia dellavallei 102966 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Phoxocephalidae
Harpinia pectinata 102972 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Phoxocephalidae
Harpinia plumosa 102973 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Phoxocephalidae
Metaphoxus 101720 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Phoxocephalidae
Metaphoxus pectinatus 102983 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Phoxocephalidae
Parametaphoxus tulearensis 549079 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Phoxocephalidae
Phoxocephalus holbolli 102989 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Phoxocephalidae
Pleustidae 101404 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Pleustidae
Bathyporeia 101742 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Pontoporeiidae
Bathyporeia elegans 103058 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Pontoporeiidae
Bathyporeia guilliamsoniana 103060 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Pontoporeiidae
Bathyporeia nana 103064 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Pontoporeiidae
Bathyporeia pelagica 103066 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Pontoporeiidae
Bathyporeia pilosa 103068 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Pontoporeiidae
Bathyporeia sarsi 103073 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Pontoporeiidae
Bathyporeia tenuipes 103076 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Pontoporeiidae
Scopelocheirus hopei 102720 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Scopelocheiridae
Stegocephaloides christianiensis 103102 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Stegocephalidae
Metopa 101764 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Stenothoidae
Metopa alderi 103116 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Stenothoidae
Metopa latimana 103125 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Stenothoidae
Stenothoe marina 103166 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Stenothoidae
Austrosyrrhoe fimbriatus 103179 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Synopiidae
Unciola crenatipalma 102057 2 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Unciolidae
Unciola planipes 102061 2 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Unciolidae
Tmetonyx cicada 102736 2 1 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Uristidae
Urothoe 101789 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Urothoidae
Urothoe brevicornis 103226 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Urothoidae
Urothoe elegans 103228 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Urothoidae
Urothoe marina 103233 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Urothoidae
Urothoe poseidonis 103235 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Amphipoda Urothoidae
Bodotria scorpioides 110445 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Bodotriidae
Iphinoe 110391 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Bodotriidae
Iphinoe serrata 110460 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Bodotriidae
Iphinoe tenella 110461 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Bodotriidae
Iphinoe trispinosa 110462 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Bodotriidae
Diastylidae 110380 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Diastylidae
Diastylis 110398 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Diastylidae
Diastylis bradyi 110472 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Diastylidae
Diastylis cornuta 110474 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Diastylidae
Diastylis laevis 110481 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Diastylidae
Diastylis lucifera 110483 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Diastylidae
Diastylis neapolitana 110484 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Diastylidae
Diastylis rathkei 110487 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Diastylidae
Diastylis rugosa 110488 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Diastylidae
Diastyloides biplicatus 110494 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Diastylidae
Hemilamprops roseus 110514 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Lampropidae
Lamprops fasciatus 110516 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Lampropidae
Eudorella emarginata 110524 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Leuconidae
Eudorella truncatula 110535 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Leuconidae
Eudorellopsis deformis 110536 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Leuconidae
Leucon (Leucon) nasica 110618 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Leuconidae
Cumella (Cumella) pygmaea 110567 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Nannastacidae
Nannastacus unguiculatus 110574 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Nannastacidae
Monopseudocuma gilsoni 422916 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Pseudocumatidae
Pseudocuma 110427 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Pseudocumatidae
Pseudocuma (Pseudocuma) longicorne 110627 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Pseudocumatidae
Pseudocuma (Pseudocuma) simile 110628 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Cumacea Pseudocumatidae
Alpheus glaber 107477 4 4 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Alpheidae
Athanas nitescens 107486 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Alpheidae
Aristaeomorpha foliacea 158326 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Aristeidae
Atelecyclus rotundatus 107273 5 4 R Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Atelecyclidae
Calocaris macandreae 107726 4 4 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Axiidae
Callianassa 107072 4 4 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Callianassidae
Callianassa subterranea 107729 4 4 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Callianassidae
Callianassidae 106800 4 4 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Callianassidae
Pestarella tyrrhena 238027 4 4 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Callianassidae
Corystes cassivelaunus 107277 5 4 R Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Corystidae
Crangon 107007 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Crangonidae
Crangon allmanni 107551 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Crangonidae
Crangon crangon 107552 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Crangonidae
Crangonidae 106782 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Crangonidae
Philocheras bispinosus bispinosus 108207 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Crangonidae
Philocheras trispinosus 107562 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Crangonidae
Diogenes pugilator 107199 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Diogenidae
Galathea 106834 4 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Galatheidae
Galathea dispersa 107148 4 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Galatheidae
Galathea intermedia 107150 4 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Galatheidae
Eualus cranchii 156083 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Hippolytidae
Inachus 106905 1 3 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Inachidae
Inachus dorsettensis 107327 1 3 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Inachidae
Macropodia 205077 1 3 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Inachidae
Macropodia deflexa 107338 1 3 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Inachidae
Macropodia rostrata 107345 1 3 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Inachidae
Jaxea nocturna 107737 4 4 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Laomediidae
Ebalia 106889 1 3 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Leucosiidae
Ebalia cranchii 107294 1 3 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Leucosiidae
Ebalia granulosa 107298 1 3 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Leucosiidae
Ebalia tuberosa 107301 1 3 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Leucosiidae
Nephrops norvegicus 107254 4 4 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Nephropidae
Anapagurus 106849 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Paguridae
Anapagurus bicorniger 107213 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Paguridae
Anapagurus laevis 107218 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Paguridae
Paguridae 106738 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Paguridae
Pagurus 106854 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Paguridae
Pagurus bernhardus 107232 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Paguridae
Pagurus cuanensis 107235 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Paguridae
Palaemon elegans 107614 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Palaemonidae
Pandalus montagui 107651 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Pandalidae
Pilumnus hirtellus 107418 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Pilumnidae
Liocarcinus 106925 5 4 R Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Polybiidae
Liocarcinus depurator 107387 5 4 R Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Polybiidae
Liocarcinus holsatus 107388 5 4 R Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Polybiidae
Liocarcinus marmoreus 107390 5 4 R Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Polybiidae
Liocarcinus navigator 107392 5 4 R Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Polybiidae
Liocarcinus pusillus 107393 5 4 R Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Polybiidae
Pisidia longicornis 107188 1 3 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Porcellanidae
Carcinus maenas 107381 5 4 R Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Portunidae
Processa 107054 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Processidae
Processa acutirostris 107681 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Processidae
Processa canaliculata 107682 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Processidae
Processa elegantula 107684 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Processidae
Processa modica modica 108343 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Processidae
Processa nouveli holthuisi 108344 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Processidae
Solenocera membranacea 107120 1 4 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Solenoceridae
Thia scutellata 107281 2 4 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Thiidae
Upogebia deltaura 107739 3 4 DC Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Upogebiidae
Upogebia pusilla 107741 3 4 DC Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Upogebiidae
Upogebia stellata 107742 3 4 DC Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Upogebiidae
Upogebiidae 106803 3 4 DC Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Upogebiidae
Anthura gracilis 118467 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Anthuridae
Astacilla longicornis 119024 4 3 B Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Arcturidae
Cirolana cranchi 118839 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Cirolanidae
Conilera cylindracea 118842 1 2 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Cirolanidae
Eurydice pulchra 118852 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Cirolanidae
Eurydice spinigera 148637 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Cirolanidae
Natatolana borealis 118859 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Cirolanidae
Gnathia maxillaris 118994 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Gnathiidae
Gnathia oxyuraea 118995 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Gnathiidae
Gnathiidae 118278 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Gnathiidae
Paragnathia formica 119001 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Gnathiidae
Idotea 118454 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Idoteidae
Janira maculosa 118732 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Janiridae
Sphaeroma serratum 118973 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Isopoda Sphaeromatidae
Gastrosaccus spinifer 120020 2 3 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Mysida Mysidae
Haplostylus normani 148698 1 1 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Mysida Mysidae
Nebalia bipes 147032 1 3 E Arthropoda Malacostraca Nebaliacea Nebaliidae
Apseudes spinosus 136284 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Tanaidacea Apseudidae
Apseudes talpa 136285 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Tanaidacea Apseudidae
Apseudopsis latreillii 247077 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Tanaidacea Apseudidae
Akanthophoreus gracilis 136340 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Tanaidacea Leptognathiidae
Pseudoparatanais batei 136457 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Tanaidacea Paratanaoidea incertae sedis
Tanaopsis graciloides 136458 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Tanaidacea Paratanaoidea incertae sedis
Pseudosphyrapus anomalus 136319 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Tanaidacea Sphyrapidae
Tanaissus lilljeborgi 136486 2 2 S Arthropoda Malacostraca Tanaidacea Tanaissuidae
Stomatopoda 14355 4 4 B Arthropoda Malacostraca
Longipedia coronata 116368 2 3 S Arthropoda Maxillopoda Harpacticoida Longipediidae
Cylindroleberis mariae 238708 2 3 S Arthropoda Ostracoda Myodocopida Cylindroleberididae
Philomedes (Philomedes) lilljeborgi 128460 2 4 S Arthropoda Ostracoda Myodocopida Philomedidae
Philomedes brenda 127718 2 3 S Arthropoda Ostracoda Myodocopida Philomedidae
Myodocopida 2104 2 3 S Arthropoda Ostracoda Myodocopida
Achelia echinata 134599 2 2 S Arthropoda Pycnogonida Pantopoda Ammotheidae
Callipallene brevirostris 134643 1 1 E Arthropoda Pycnogonida Pantopoda Callipallenidae
Nymphon brevirostre 150520 1 1 S Arthropoda Pycnogonida Pantopoda Nymphonidae
Anoplodactylus 134592 1 4 E Arthropoda Pycnogonida Pantopoda Phoxichilidiidae
Anoplodactylus petiolatus 134723 1 4 E Arthropoda Pycnogonida Pantopoda Phoxichilidiidae
Anoplodactylus virescens 134730 1 4 E Arthropoda Pycnogonida Pantopoda Phoxichilidiidae
Pycnogonida 1302 1 4 E Arthropoda Pycnogonida
Priapulus caudatus 101160 4 2 B Cephalorhyncha Priapulida Priapulidae
Ascidiella aspersa 103718 1 1 E Chordata Ascidiacea Phlebobranchia Ascidiidae
Eugyra arenosa 103764 2 3 S Chordata Ascidiacea Stolidobranchia Molgulidae
Styelidae 103450 1 1 E Chordata Ascidiacea Stolidobranchia Styelidae
Branchiostoma lanceolatum 104906 4 3 B Chordata Leptocardii Branchiostomidae
Actinia equina 100803 1 1 E Cnidaria Anthozoa Actiniaria Actiniidae
Urticina felina 100834 1 1 E Cnidaria Anthozoa Actiniaria Actiniidae
Edwardsia 100730 2 2 S Cnidaria Anthozoa Actiniaria Edwardsiidae
Edwardsia claparedii 100880 2 2 S Cnidaria Anthozoa Actiniaria Edwardsiidae
Edwardsiidae 100665 2 2 S Cnidaria Anthozoa Actiniaria Edwardsiidae
Scolanthus callimorphus 100910 2 2 S Cnidaria Anthozoa Actiniaria Edwardsiidae
Halcampa chrysanthellum 100916 2 2 S Cnidaria Anthozoa Actiniaria Halcampidae
Calliactis parasitica 100946 2 2 S Cnidaria Anthozoa Actiniaria Hormathiidae
Sagartia troglodytes 100994 1 1 E Cnidaria Anthozoa Actiniaria Sagartiidae
Actiniaria 1360 2 2 S Cnidaria Anthozoa Actiniaria
Cerianthus 100782 2 1 S Cnidaria Anthozoa Ceriantharia Cerianthidae
Cerianthus lloydii 283798 2 1 S Cnidaria Anthozoa Ceriantharia Cerianthidae
Pteroeides griseum 181504 2 2 S Cnidaria Anthozoa Pennatulacea Pennatulidae
Virgularia mirabilis 128539 2 2 S Cnidaria Anthozoa Pennatulacea Virgulariidae
Asterias rubens 123776 1 3 E Echinodermata Asteroidea Forcipulatida Asteriidae
Astropecten irregularis 123867 2 3 S Echinodermata Asteroidea Paxillosida Astropectinidae
Psammechinus miliaris 124319 1 3 E Echinodermata Echinoidea Camarodonta Parechinidae
Echinocyamus pusillus 124273 2 3 S Echinodermata Echinoidea Clypeasteroida Echinocyamidae
Echinidea 510534 4 3 B Echinodermata Echinoidea Echinoida
Brissopsis lyrifera 124373 4 3 B Echinodermata Echinoidea Spatangoida Brissidae
Echinocardium 123426 4 3 B Echinodermata Echinoidea Spatangoida Loveniidae
Echinocardium cordatum 124392 4 3 B Echinodermata Echinoidea Spatangoida Loveniidae
Echinocardium flavescens 124394 4 3 B Echinodermata Echinoidea Spatangoida Loveniidae
Spatangus purpureus 124418 4 3 B Echinodermata Echinoidea Spatangoida Spatangidae
Spatangoida 123106 4 3 B Echinodermata Echinoidea Spatangoida
Labidoplax buskii 124455 2 3 S Echinodermata Holothuroidea Apodida Synaptidae
Leptosynapta 123449 2 3 S Echinodermata Holothuroidea Apodida Synaptidae
Leptosynapta bergensis 124462 2 3 S Echinodermata Holothuroidea Apodida Synaptidae
Leptosynapta inhaerens 124465 2 3 S Echinodermata Holothuroidea Apodida Synaptidae
Oestergrenia digitata 152547 2 3 S Echinodermata Holothuroidea Apodida Synaptidae
Synaptidae 123182 2 3 S Echinodermata Holothuroidea Apodida Synaptidae
Leptopentacta 123481 2 3 S Echinodermata Holothuroidea Dendrochirotida Cucumariidae
Leptopentacta elongata 124635 2 3 S Echinodermata Holothuroidea Dendrochirotida Cucumariidae
Leptopentacta elongata 124635 2 3 S Echinodermata Holothuroidea Dendrochirotida Cucumariidae
Leptopentacta tergestina 124636 2 3 S Echinodermata Holothuroidea Dendrochirotida Cucumariidae
Thyone fusus 124670 2 3 S Echinodermata Holothuroidea Dendrochirotida Cucumariidae
Amphilepis norvegica 125057 4 3 B Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Amphilepididae
Acrocnida brachiata 236130 4 3 B Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Amphiuridae
Amphipholis squamata 125064 4 3 B Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Amphiuridae
Amphiura 123613 4 3 B Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Amphiuridae
Amphiura (Ophiopeltis) securigera 125195 4 3 B Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Amphiuridae
Amphiura chiajei 125073 4 3 B Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Amphiuridae
Amphiura filiformis 125080 4 3 B Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Amphiuridae
Ophiocomina nigra 125027 2 2 S Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Ophiocomidae
Ophiothrix fragilis 125131 2 2 S Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Ophiotrichidae
Ophiocten affinis 124850 2 2 S Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Ophiuridae
Ophiura 123574 2 2 S Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Ophiuridae
Ophiura albida 124913 2 2 S Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Ophiuridae
Ophiura ophiura 124929 2 2 S Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Ophiuridae
Ophiuridae 123200 2 2 S Echinodermata Ophiuroidea Ophiurida Ophiuridae
Maxmuelleria gigas 110367 5 4 R Echiura Echiuroidea Bonelliida Bonelliidae
Echiurus echiurus 110377 3 2 DC Echiura Echiuroidea Echiurida Echiuridae
Thalassema thalassemum 110375 3 2 DC Echiura Echiuroidea Echiurida Echiuridae
Echiurida 110345 3 2 DC Echiura Echiuroidea Echiurida
Echiura 1269 3 2 DC Echiura
Glandiceps talaboti 137612 5 4 R HemiChordata Enteropneusta Enteropneusta Spengelidae
Enteroptneusta 178738 5 4 R HemiChordata Enteropneusta
Ensis magnus 160539 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia [unassigned] Euheterodonta Pharidae
Hiatella arctica 140103 1 2 E Mollusca Bivalvia [unassigned] Euheterodonta Hiatellidae
Saxicavella jeffreysi 140108 1 2 E Mollusca Bivalvia [unassigned] Euheterodonta Hiatellidae
Ensis 138333 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia [unassigned] Euheterodonta Pharidae
Ensis directus 140732 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia [unassigned] Euheterodonta Pharidae
Ensis ensis 140733 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia [unassigned] Euheterodonta Pharidae
Pharus legumen 140736 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia [unassigned] Euheterodonta Pharidae
Phaxas adriaticus 156343 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia [unassigned] Euheterodonta Pharidae
Phaxas pellucidus 140737 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia [unassigned] Euheterodonta Pharidae
Cuspidaria obesa 139450 3 2 UC/DC Mollusca Bivalvia Anomalodesmata Cuspidariidae
Lyonsia norwegica 140291 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Anomalodesmata Lyonsiidae
Cochlodesma praetenue 181373 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Anomalodesmata Periplomatidae
Thracia 138549 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Anomalodesmata Thraciidae
Thracia convexa 141644 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Anomalodesmata Thraciidae
Thracia phaseolina 152378 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Anomalodesmata Thraciidae
Thracia villosiuscula 141651 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Anomalodesmata Thraciidae
Glycymeris glycymeris 140025 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Arcoida Glycymerididae
Limopsis cristata 140253 1 1 E Mollusca Bivalvia Arcoida Limopsidae
Astarte borealis 138818 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Carditoida Astartidae
Astarte montagui 138823 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Carditoida Astartidae
Goodallia triangularis 138831 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Carditoida Astartidae
Arcturellina 492197 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Carditoida Carditidae
Limatula gwyni 140237 1 2 E Mollusca Bivalvia Limoida Limidae
Limatula subauriculata 140242 1 2 E Mollusca Bivalvia Limoida Limidae
Lucinella divaricata 140282 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Lucinidae
Lucinoma borealis 140283 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Lucinidae
Myrtea spinifera 140287 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Lucinidae
Axinulus croulinensis 234161 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Thyasiridae
Axinulus eumyarius 234162 3 2 UC/DC Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Thyasiridae
Mendicula ferruginosa 152905 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Thyasiridae
Mendicula pygmaea 152424 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Thyasiridae
Thyasira 138552 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Thyasiridae
Thyasira biplicata 141655 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Thyasiridae
Thyasira equalis 141659 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Thyasiridae
Thyasira flexuosa 141662 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Thyasiridae
Thyasira obsoleta 141668 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Thyasiridae
Thyasira sarsi 141672 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Thyasiridae
Thyasira succisa 141676 3 2 DC Mollusca Bivalvia Lucinoida Thyasiridae
Corbula gibba 139410 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Myoida Corbulidae
Mya 138211 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Myoida Myidae
Mya arenaria 140430 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Myoida Myidae
Mya truncata 140431 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Myoida Myidae
Sphenia binghami 140432 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Myoida Myidae
Crenella decussata 140440 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Mytiloida Mytilidae
Modiolula phaseolina 140461 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Mytiloida Mytilidae
Modiolus modiolus 140467 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Mytiloida Mytilidae
Mytilus 138228 1 1 E Mollusca Bivalvia Mytiloida Mytilidae
Mytilus edulis 140480 1 1 E Mollusca Bivalvia Mytiloida Mytilidae
Nuculana minuta 140577 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Nuculanoida Nuculanidae
Yoldiella lucida 142002 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Nuculanoida Yoldiidae
Ennucula tenuis 140584 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Nuculida Nuculidae
Nucula 138262 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Nuculida Nuculidae
Nucula hanleyi 140588 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Nuculida Nuculidae
Nucula nitidosa 140589 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Nuculida Nuculidae
Nucula nucleus 140590 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Nuculida Nuculidae
Nucula sulcata 140592 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Nuculida Nuculidae
Nucula turgida 152274 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Nuculida Nuculidae
Nuculidae 204 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Nuculida Nuculidae
Anomiidae 214 1 1 E Mollusca Bivalvia Pectinoida Anomiidae
Monia patelliformis 153027 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Pectinoida Anomiidae
Aequipecten opercularis 140687 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Pectinoida Pectinidae
Palliolum striatum 140709 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Pectinoida Pectinidae
Palliolum tigerinum 140710 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Pectinoida Pectinidae
Pectinidae 213 2 3 S Mollusca Bivalvia Pectinoida Pectinidae
Arctica islandica 138802 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Arcticidae
Acanthocardia 137732 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Cardiidae
Acanthocardia aculeata 138990 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Cardiidae
Acanthocardia echinata 138992 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Cardiidae
Acanthocardia paucicostata 138993 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Cardiidae
Cardiidae 229 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Cardiidae
Cerastoderma edule 138998 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Cardiidae
Laevicardium crassum 139004 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Cardiidae
Parvicardium exiguum 139008 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Cardiidae
Parvicardium minimum 139010 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Cardiidae
Parvicardium scabrum 139012 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Cardiidae
Donax vittatus 139604 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Donacidae
Kelliella miliaris 152396 4 2 B Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Kelliellidae
Vesicomya abyssicola 464333 4 2 B Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Kelliellidae
Hemilepton nitidum 246148 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Lasaeidae
Lepton squamosum 140218 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Lasaeidae
Lutraria lutraria 140295 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Mactridae
Mactra 138158 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Mactridae
Mactra stultorum 140299 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Mactridae
Spisula 138159 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Mactridae
Spisula elliptica 140300 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Mactridae
Spisula solida 140301 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Mactridae
Spisula subtruncata 140302 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Mactridae
Devonia perrieri 140365 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Montacutidae
Epilepton clarkiae 140366 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Montacutidae
Kurtiella bidentata 345281 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Montacutidae
Montacuta phascolionis 140374 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Montacutidae
Montacuta substriata 140377 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Montacutidae
Tellimya ferruginosa 146952 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Montacutidae
Tellimya tenella 152397 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Montacutidae
Gari 138388 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Psammobiidae
Gari costulata 140868 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Psammobiidae
Gari depressa 140869 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Psammobiidae
Gari fervensis 140870 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Psammobiidae
Gari tellinella 140873 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Psammobiidae
Abra 138474 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Semelidae
Abra alba 141433 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Semelidae
Abra nitida 141435 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Semelidae
Abra prismatica 141436 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Semelidae
Azorinus chamasolen 141541 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Solecurtidae
Solecurtus scopula 141543 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Solecurtidae
Angulus 146491 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Tellinidae
Angulus fabula 152829 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Tellinidae
Angulus incarnatus 594114 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Tellinidae
Angulus pygmaeus 152828 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Tellinidae
Angulus tenuis 146492 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Tellinidae
Arcopagia crassa 141577 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Tellinidae
Macoma balthica 141579 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Tellinidae
Moerella donacina 147021 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Tellinidae
Peronaea planata 605934 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Tellinidae
Tellina distorta 141585 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Tellinidae
Tellina nitida 141589 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Tellinidae
Turtonia minuta 141875 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Turtoniidae
Chamelea gallina 141907 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Chamelea striatula 141908 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Clausinella fasciata 141909 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Dosinia 138636 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Dosinia exoleta 141911 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Dosinia lupinus 141912 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Gouldia minima 141916 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Mysia undata 140728 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Petricolaria pholadiformis 156961 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Polititapes virgineus 507877 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Timoclea ovata 141929 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Venerupis corrugata 181364 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Venerupis corrugata 181364 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Venus casina 141934 2 2 S Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Veneridae
Chaetoderma nitidulum 139106 2 2 S Mollusca Caudofoveata Chaetodermatida Chaetodermatidae
Caudofoveata 151365 2 2 S Mollusca Caudofoveata
Odostomia scalaris 141014 4 3 B Mollusca Gastropoda Pyramidellidae
Gibbula cineraria 141782 1 3 E Mollusca Gastropoda Trochidae
Bittium reticulatum 139054 2 4 S Mollusca Gastropoda [unassigned] Caenogastropoda Cerithiidae
Epitonium turtonis 139738 2 2 S Mollusca Gastropoda [unassigned] Caenogastropoda Epitoniidae
Eulima bilineata 566940 4 3 B Mollusca Gastropoda [unassigned] Caenogastropoda Eulimidae
Eulima glabra 139805 4 3 B Mollusca Gastropoda [unassigned] Caenogastropoda Eulimidae
Eulimidae 135 4 3 B Mollusca Gastropoda [unassigned] Caenogastropoda Eulimidae
Vitreolina philippi 139903 4 3 B Mollusca Gastropoda [unassigned] Caenogastropoda Eulimidae
Turritella communis 141872 4 3 B Mollusca Gastropoda [unassigned] Caenogastropoda Turritellidae
Hedylopsis spiculifera 140085 4 3 B Mollusca Gastropoda Acochlidiacea Hedylopsidae
Akera bullata 138734 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Anaspidea Akeridae
Cylichna alba 139474 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Cephalaspidea Cylichnidae
Cylichna cylindracea 139476 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Cephalaspidea Cylichnidae
Philine 138339 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Cephalaspidea Philinidae
Philine aperta 140744 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Cephalaspidea Philinidae
Philine scabra 140761 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Cephalaspidea Philinidae
Retusa 138432 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Cephalaspidea Retusidae
Retusa truncatula 141138 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Cephalaspidea Retusidae
Roxania utriculus 139486 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Cephalaspidea Scaphandridae
Scaphander lignarius 139488 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Cephalaspidea Scaphandridae
Aporrhais pespelecani 138760 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Aporrhaidae
Caecum glabrum 138952 1 2 E Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Caecidae
Crepidula fornicata 138963 1 1 E Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Calyptraeidae
Galeodea echinophora 139023 1 4 E Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Cassidae
Hydrobiidae 120 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Hydrobiidae
Ceratia 138082 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Iravadiidae
Ceratia proxima 140128 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Iravadiidae
Hyala vitrea 140129 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Iravadiidae
Euspira pulchella 140539 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Naticidae
Lunatia catena 150590 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Naticidae
Lunatia montagui 150639 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Naticidae
Naticidae 145 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Naticidae
Alvania 138439 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Rissoidae
Alvania cancellata 141165 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Rissoidae
Alvania cimicoides 141168 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Rissoidae
Alvania subsoluta 141247 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Rissoidae
Alvania testae 141251 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Rissoidae
Rissoa 138456 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Rissoidae
Rissoa parva 141365 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Rissoidae
Lamellaria latens 140172 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Velutinidae
Buccinum undatum 138878 2 4 S Mollusca Gastropoda Neogastropoda Buccinidae
Neptunea antiqua 138920 2 4 S Mollusca Gastropoda Neogastropoda Buccinidae
Mangelia attenuata 139265 2 4 S Mollusca Gastropoda Neogastropoda Conidae
Raphitoma linearis 139371 2 4 S Mollusca Gastropoda Neogastropoda Conidae
Nassarius incrassatus 140503 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Neogastropoda Nassariidae
Nassarius reticulatus 140513 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Neogastropoda Nassariidae
Onchidoris 138288 1 1 S Mollusca Gastropoda Nudibranchia Onchidorididae
Cuthona 138543 1 2 E Mollusca Gastropoda Nudibranchia Tergipedidae
Acteon tornatilis 138691 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Acteonidae
Turbonilla 138421 2 2 S Mollusca Gastropoda Pyramidellidae
Turbonilla acuta 141052 2 2 S Mollusca Gastropoda Pyramidellidae
Turbonilla crenata 141057 2 2 S Mollusca Gastropoda Pyramidellidae
Rissoella 144173 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Rissoellidae
Rissoella diaphana 141147 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Rissoellidae
Rissoella opalina 141149 2 3 S Mollusca Gastropoda Rissoellidae
Lepidochitona (Lepidochitona) cinerea 140143 1 2 E Mollusca Polyplacophora Chitonida Tonicellidae
Leptochiton asellus 140199 1 2 E Mollusca Polyplacophora Lepidopleurida Leptochitonidae
Antalis entalis 150534 3 2 UC Mollusca Scaphopoda Dentaliida Dentaliidae
Antalis vulgaris 196380 3 2 UC/DC Mollusca Scaphopoda Dentaliida Dentaliidae
Entalina tetragona 139691 2 2 S Mollusca Scaphopoda Gadilida Entalinidae
Nematoda 799 2 2 S Nematoda
Cerebratulus 122348 4 3 B Nemertea Anopla Cerebratulidae
Lineidae 122314 4 3 B Nemertea Anopla Cerebratulidae
Nemertea 152391 4 3 B Nemertea
Tubularia 600947 1 1 E Ochrophyta Bacillariophyceae
Phoronida 1789 2 1 S Phoronida Phoronidae
Phoronis 128545 2 1 S Phoronida
Phoronis muelleri 128549 2 1 S Phoronida
Phoronis pallida 128551 2 1 S Phoronida
Turbellaria 794 2 2 S Platyhelminthes Turbellaria
Platyhelminthes 793 2 2 S Platyhelminthes
Pachymatisma johnstonia 134057 1 1 E Porifera Demospongiae Astrophorida Geodiidae
Golfingia 136021 4 3 B Sipuncula Sipunculidea Golfingiida Golfingiidae
Golfingia (Golfingia) elongata 175026 4 3 B Sipuncula Sipunculidea Golfingiida Golfingiidae
Golfingia (Golfingia) iniqua 136042 4 3 B Sipuncula Sipunculidea Golfingiida Golfingiidae
Golfingia (Golfingia) vulgaris vulgaris 410724 4 3 B Sipuncula Sipunculidea Golfingiida Golfingiidae
Nephasoma (Nephasoma) minutum 136060 4 3 B Sipuncula Sipunculidea Golfingiida Golfingiidae
Thysanocardia procera 136063 4 3 B Sipuncula Sipunculidea Golfingiida Golfingiidae
Onchnesoma 136024 4 3 B Sipuncula Sipunculidea Golfingiida Phascolionidae
Onchnesoma magnibathum 136064 4 3 B Sipuncula Sipunculidea Golfingiida Phascolionidae
Onchnesoma steenstrupii steenstrupii 410742 2 2 S Sipuncula Sipunculidea Golfingiida Phascolionidae
Phascolion (Phascolion) strombus strombus 410749 2 2 S Sipuncula Sipunculidea Golfingiida Phascolionidae
Sipunculidea 1296 4 3 B Sipuncula Sipunculidea
Sipuncula 1268 4 3 B Sipunculida
Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) muelleri muelleri 410717 4 3 B
Ericthonius 101567 2 1 S
Goneplax rhomboides 107292 4 4 B
Isaeidae 101388 2 3 S
Melitidae 101397 2 2 S

Mi scores: 1 for organisms that live in fixed tubes; 2 indicates limited movement; 3 indicates slow, free movement through the sediment matrix; 4 indicates free movement, that is, via burrow system. Ri scores: 1 for epifauna; 2 for surficial modifiers; 3 for upward and downward conveyors; 4 for biodiffusors; and 5 for regenerators. Reworking types (Fti): “S” for surficial modifiers; “B” for biodiffusors; “UC” and “DC” for upward and downward conveyors; and “R” for regenerators”.

Discussion

As with any functional classification that on which BPc is calculated relies on three main assumptions. Understanding these assumptions, and the need to correct for them where information is available, is key steps in the adequate use of BPc as a metric:

  1. If body size is constant, the BPc of a species/taxon (BPi) is transferable across space and time. BPc accounts for two “fixed” traits (Ri and Mi) that are assumed to be directly related to life-history traits and activity levels of each species, that are not altered by context or spatiotemporal variation. Where information to the contrary is available about the alteration of species behavior in response to external stimuli, context-specific adjustments to reworking and mobility trait scores should be made accordingly: for example, thermal stress (Ouellette et al. 2004; Przeslawski et al. 2009); habitat structure (Godbold et al. 2011); ocean acidification (Godbold and Solan 2013); or presence of a predator (Maire et al. 2010). For instance, sediment type has been observed to be influential when determining the classification of a particular species into one of two specific functional groups (Needham et al. 2011), but this has not been documented for the vast majority of bioturbators. Incorporation of this type of information could be achieved using more sophisticated routines, such as fuzzy coding, to capture the influence of intraspecific variability in reworking and mobility traits (Maire et al. 2007; Bremner 2008; Godbold et al. 2011) across known sources of variation (habitat, season, food availability, etc.). The paucity of such information present for the majority of marine species (Tyler et al. 2012) is a source of concern and will be needed to project potential changes in BPc under future policy or environmental scenarios. Typical body size is a “flexible” trait in the metric, which will vary in response to environmental variation, seasonality, stress, and disturbance (Queirós et al. 2006; Macdonald et al. 2012). BPc captures this information through changes in the biomass/abundance ratio on which typical body size is calculated.

  2. An organism's reworking (Ri) and mobility (Mi) modes remain the same across the life span of each individual. Thus far, variation in burrowing behavior across life stages has been poorly documented in the literature. However, in some species, juveniles and adults are known to exhibit different burial behavior, which can also be modified during reproductive stages (Aguzzi and Sardà 2007; Schwalb and Pusch 2009). If such changes in behavior are known to occur, different trait scores should be attributed as appropriate to different genders or life stages.

  3. Where no species level information exists, taxa are assumed to have a similar bioturbation mode to others, which are closely related taxonomically. The paucity of information on many bioturbators (Teal et al. 2008) necessitates matching some species with the closest possible species or taxonomic group (e.g., genus or family). Regardless of whether taxonomic relatedness is a good indicator of the ecological characteristics of a species (Bevilacqua et al. 2012), the table presented here does not account for changes in taxonomic classification over time. Such changes in taxonomy could alter an organism's taxonomic relatedness to other taxa and therefore its assumed bioturbation classification. For example, Alitta virens (Sars 1835) and Hediste diversicolor (Müller 1776) may have been classified as being functionally similar, as both these species were formerly classified under the genus Nereis (Linnaeus 1758). Recent changes to their taxonomic classification now better reflect fundamental differences in bioturbation modes (i.e., gallery diffusor and conveyor, respectively, François et al. 2002). Nevertheless, in the absence of specific information, we consider it likely that genetically and physically similar taxa are likely to be functionally similar. As BPc is a biomass-weighted sum of traits from many species, we consider it unlikely that small changes to trait assignments of individual species would greatly influence large-scale assessments. The current structure of the table reflects the taxonomic classification of the species at the time of analysis and will need updating as taxonomic inventories are refined.

Accepting the limitations imposed by the assumptions underpinning BPc, the classification list we have assembled will facilitate the calculation of BPc across most temperate coast and shelf benthic environments in the North Atlantic. This aspects makes a strong case for a wider implementation of BPc as a standardized indicator: the ability to build on existing data (abundance and biomass) to fill gaps about bioturbation patterns where direct assessments are not, or cannot, been routinely carried out. Further efforts will need to take place for other regions of the world or particular circumstances. There is also tremendous potential for application to historical datasets, to estimate bioturbation rates in the past, providing insight into how this process has helped to shape sedimentary ecosystems over time (Solan et al. 2008). Finally, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) now requires an integrated understanding and management of regional scale patterns of marine ecosystem functioning, based on the use of inexpensive, rapid indicators. Few functional indicators currently exist for European waters, and initial tests of the suitability and applicability of BPc suggest that it holds promise as a tool for informing management and policy (Van Hoey et al. 2010; Birchenough et al. 2012).

Acknowledgments

This publication was initiated and facilitated by the Study Group Climate Related Benthic Processes in the North Sea (SGCBNS), which is an expert group of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). Funding was supported by the Western Channel Observatory, part of the UK Natural Environmental Research Council's National Capability (Queirós, Somerfield and Widdicombe), the Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs under Science-Level Agreement SLA31 (Birchenough), the Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine and the University of Bordeaux 1 (Romero-Ramirez), and the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (Van Colen). Caroline Louise McNeill and Sarah Dashfield are thanked for their contributions towards one of the datasets analyzed. Celine Labrune and Jean-Michel Amouroux are thanked for contributions towards another.

Conflict of Interest

None declared.

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