MTT assay to determine ability of HeLa cells to reduce yellow MTT into purple formazan (a) after 24 hour incubation with MnO only, RNA:PAMAM:MnO, and pDNA:PAMAM:MnO; (b) after incubation with MnO only for 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours. For both assays, there were only minor decreases in metabolic activity, as compared to the cell only control. Error bars for both figures were plotted using standard error.