Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1996 Oct 1;93(20):10826–10831. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.20.10826

Cloning and characterization of myr 6, an unconventional myosin of the dilute/myosin-V family.

L P Zhao 1, J S Koslovsky 1, J Reinhard 1, M Bähler 1, A E Witt 1, D W Provance Jr 1, J A Mercer 1
PMCID: PMC38240  PMID: 8855265

Abstract

We have isolated cDNAs encoding a second member of the dilute (myosin-V) unconventional myosin family in vertebrates, myr 6 (myosin from rat 6). Expression of myr 6 transcripts in the brain is much more limited than is the expression of dilute, with highest levels observed in choroid plexus and components of the limbic system. We have mapped the myr 6 locus to mouse chromosome 18 using an interspecific backcross. The 3' portion of the myr 6 cDNA sequence from rat is nearly identical to that of a previously published putative glutamic acid decarboxylase from mouse [Huang, W.M., Reed-Fourquet, L., Wu, E. & Wu, J.Y. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 8491-8495].

Full text

PDF
10826

Images in this article

10829Fig. 3
on p.10829
10829Fig. 4
on p.10829
10830Fig. 6
on p.10830

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bement W. M., Hasson T., Wirth J. A., Cheney R. E., Mooseker M. S. Identification and overlapping expression of multiple unconventional myosin genes in vertebrate cell types. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jul 5;91(14):6549–6553. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.14.6549. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bobola N., Jansen R. P., Shin T. H., Nasmyth K. Asymmetric accumulation of Ash1p in postanaphase nuclei depends on a myosin and restricts yeast mating-type switching to mother cells. Cell. 1996 Mar 8;84(5):699–709. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81048-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cheney R. E., O'Shea M. K., Heuser J. E., Coelho M. V., Wolenski J. S., Espreafico E. M., Forscher P., Larson R. E., Mooseker M. S. Brain myosin-V is a two-headed unconventional myosin with motor activity. Cell. 1993 Oct 8;75(1):13–23. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(05)80080-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cram D. S., Barnett L. D., Joseph J. L., Harrison L. C. Cloning and partial nucleotide sequence of human glutamic acid decarboxylase cDNA from brain and pancreatic islets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 May 15;176(3):1239–1244. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)90418-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Devereux J., Haeberli P., Smithies O. A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 11;12(1 Pt 1):387–395. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.1part1.387. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Espreafico E. M., Cheney R. E., Matteoli M., Nascimento A. A., De Camilli P. V., Larson R. E., Mooseker M. S. Primary structure and cellular localization of chicken brain myosin-V (p190), an unconventional myosin with calmodulin light chains. J Cell Biol. 1992 Dec;119(6):1541–1557. doi: 10.1083/jcb.119.6.1541. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Frohman M. A., Dush M. K., Martin G. R. Rapid production of full-length cDNAs from rare transcripts: amplification using a single gene-specific oligonucleotide primer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):8998–9002. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.23.8998. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Goodson H. V., Spudich J. A. Molecular evolution of the myosin family: relationships derived from comparisons of amino acid sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jan 15;90(2):659–663. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.2.659. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Haarer B. K., Petzold A., Lillie S. H., Brown S. S. Identification of MYO4, a second class V myosin gene in yeast. J Cell Sci. 1994 Apr;107(Pt 4):1055–1064. doi: 10.1242/jcs.107.4.1055. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Huang W. M., Reed-Fourquet L., Wu E., Wu J. Y. Molecular cloning and amino acid sequence of brain L-glutamate decarboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(21):8491–8495. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.21.8491. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Jansen R. P., Dowzer C., Michaelis C., Galova M., Nasmyth K. Mother cell-specific HO expression in budding yeast depends on the unconventional myosin myo4p and other cytoplasmic proteins. Cell. 1996 Mar 8;84(5):687–697. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81047-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Jenkins N. A., Copeland N. G., Taylor B. A., Lee B. K. Dilute (d) coat colour mutation of DBA/2J mice is associated with the site of integration of an ecotropic MuLV genome. Nature. 1981 Oct 1;293(5831):370–374. doi: 10.1038/293370a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Johnston G. C., Prendergast J. A., Singer R. A. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MYO2 gene encodes an essential myosin for vectorial transport of vesicles. J Cell Biol. 1991 May;113(3):539–551. doi: 10.1083/jcb.113.3.539. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. KELTON D. E., RAUCH H. Myelination and myelin degeneration in the central nervous system of dilute-lethal mice. Exp Neurol. 1962 Sep;6:252–262. doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(62)90006-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Karlsen A. E., Hagopian W. A., Grubin C. E., Dube S., Disteche C. M., Adler D. A., Bärmeier H., Mathewes S., Grant F. J., Foster D. Cloning and primary structure of a human islet isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase from chromosome 10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8337–8341. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.19.8337. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kaufman D. L., McGinnis J. F., Krieger N. R., Tobin A. J. Brain glutamate decarboxylase cloned in lambda gt-11: fusion protein produces gamma-aminobutyric acid. Science. 1986 May 30;232(4754):1138–1140. doi: 10.1126/science.3518061. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kennedy M. B. Origin of PDZ (DHR, GLGF) domains. Trends Biochem Sci. 1995 Sep;20(9):350–350. doi: 10.1016/s0968-0004(00)89074-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kobayashi Y., Kaufman D. L., Tobin A. J. Glutamic acid decarboxylase cDNA: nucleotide sequence encoding an enzymatically active fusion protein. J Neurosci. 1987 Sep;7(9):2768–2772. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-09-02768.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kuriyama M., Harada N., Kuroda S., Yamamoto T., Nakafuku M., Iwamatsu A., Yamamoto D., Prasad R., Croce C., Canaani E. Identification of AF-6 and canoe as putative targets for Ras. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 12;271(2):607–610. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.2.607. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kuznetsov S. A., Langford G. M., Weiss D. G. Actin-dependent organelle movement in squid axoplasm. Nature. 1992 Apr 23;356(6371):722–725. doi: 10.1038/356722a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Mani F., Espreafico E. M., Larson R. E. Myosin-V is present in synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1994 Nov;27(11):2639–2643. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Markert C L, Silvers W K. The Effects of Genotype and Cell Environment on Melanoblast Differentiation in the House Mouse. Genetics. 1956 May;41(3):429–450. doi: 10.1093/genetics/41.3.429. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Mercer J. A., Seperack P. K., Strobel M. C., Copeland N. G., Jenkins N. A. Novel myosin heavy chain encoded by murine dilute coat colour locus. Nature. 1991 Feb 21;349(6311):709–713. doi: 10.1038/349709a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Miyamoto H., Nihonmatsu I., Kondo S., Ueda R., Togashi S., Hirata K., Ikegami Y., Yamamoto D. canoe encodes a novel protein containing a GLGF/DHR motif and functions with Notch and scabrous in common developmental pathways in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 1995 Mar 1;9(5):612–625. doi: 10.1101/gad.9.5.612. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Mooseker M. S., Cheney R. E. Unconventional myosins. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1995;11:633–675. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.003221. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Ponting C. P. AF-6/cno: neither a kinesin nor a myosin, but a bit of both. Trends Biochem Sci. 1995 Jul;20(7):265–266. doi: 10.1016/s0968-0004(00)89040-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Ponting C. P., Phillips C. DHR domains in syntrophins, neuronal NO synthases and other intracellular proteins. Trends Biochem Sci. 1995 Mar;20(3):102–103. doi: 10.1016/s0968-0004(00)88973-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Prasad R., Gu Y., Alder H., Nakamura T., Canaani O., Saito H., Huebner K., Gale R. P., Nowell P. C., Kuriyama K. Cloning of the ALL-1 fusion partner, the AF-6 gene, involved in acute myeloid leukemias with the t(6;11) chromosome translocation. Cancer Res. 1993 Dec 1;53(23):5624–5628. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Reinhard J., Scheel A. A., Diekmann D., Hall A., Ruppert C., Bähler M. A novel type of myosin implicated in signalling by rho family GTPases. EMBO J. 1995 Feb 15;14(4):697–704. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07048.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Rivera D. T., Langford G. M., Weiss D. G., Nelson D. J. Calmodulin regulates fast axonal transport of squid axoplasm organelles. Brain Res Bull. 1995;37(1):47–52. doi: 10.1016/0361-9230(94)00256-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Rowe L. B., Nadeau J. H., Turner R., Frankel W. N., Letts V. A., Eppig J. T., Ko M. S., Thurston S. J., Birkenmeier E. H. Maps from two interspecific backcross DNA panels available as a community genetic mapping resource. Mamm Genome. 1994 May;5(5):253–274. doi: 10.1007/BF00389540. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Ruppert C., Godel J., Müller R. T., Kroschewski R., Reinhard J., Bähler M. Localization of the rat myosin I molecules myr 1 and myr 2 and in vivo targeting of their tail domains. J Cell Sci. 1995 Dec;108(Pt 12):3775–3786. doi: 10.1242/jcs.108.12.3775. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Seperack P. K., Mercer J. A., Strobel M. C., Copeland N. G., Jenkins N. A. Retroviral sequences located within an intron of the dilute gene alter dilute expression in a tissue-specific manner. EMBO J. 1995 May 15;14(10):2326–2332. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07227.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Sperry A. O., Zhao L. P. Kinesin-related proteins in the mammalian testes: candidate motors for meiosis and morphogenesis. Mol Biol Cell. 1996 Feb;7(2):289–305. doi: 10.1091/mbc.7.2.289. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Thompson J. D., Higgins D. G., Gibson T. J. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673–4680. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.22.4673. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Wang F. S., Wolenski J. S., Cheney R. E., Mooseker M. S., Jay D. G. Function of myosin-V in filopodial extension of neuronal growth cones. Science. 1996 Aug 2;273(5275):660–663. doi: 10.1126/science.273.5275.660. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Wu J. Y., Huang W. M., Reed-Fourquet L., Bao J., Nathan B., Wu E., Tsai W. H. Structure and function of L-glutamate decarboxylase. Neurochem Res. 1991 Mar;16(3):227–233. doi: 10.1007/BF00966085. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES