Table 1.
List of the 34 anti-HIV-1 host restriction factors measured by our CuRe array
| Name | NCBI ENTREZ gene description | Key anti-HIV-1 role(S) | REFS |
|---|---|---|---|
| APOBEC3 (A-H) |
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like3 |
Hypermutation; lethal mutations in viral DNA; Inhibition of reverse transcription; Inhibition of integration |
[19,26-33] |
| TRIM family (11 members) |
Tripartite motif family |
Targeting of viral capsid; Inhibition of viral transcription |
[18,34-36] |
| BST2/tetherin |
Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 |
Blocks release of enveloped viruses |
[20,21] |
| CDKN1A (P21) |
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1) |
Blocks reverse transcription; Blocks RNA transcription by reducing activity of CDK9 |
[13,37,38] |
| PAF1 |
Paf1, RNA polymerase II associated factor |
Inhibits early events of viral life cycle from reverse transcription to integration |
[39] |
| CTR9 |
Ctr9, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component |
Inhibits early events of viral life cycle from reverse transcription to integration |
[39] |
| RTF1 |
Rtf1, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component |
Inhibits early events of viral life cycle from reverse transcription to integration |
[39] |
| EIF2AK2 (PKR) |
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 |
Inhibits viral protein translation by protein phosphorylation; promotes innate immune signaling |
[40] |
| HERC5 |
HECT domain and RLD 5 |
Blocks early stage of retroviral particle assembly |
[41] |
| IFITM Family (3 members) |
Interferon induced transmembrane protein |
Inhibits cytosolic entry |
[42] |
| ISG15 |
ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier |
Blocks interaction between HIV-1 Gag and Tsg101 (ESCRT-I) required for efficient budding of HIV-1 |
[43] |
| MOV10 |
Mov10, Moloney leukemia virus 10, homolog |
Inhibits proteolytic processing of Gag and reverse transcription |
[44] |
| RNASEL |
Ribonuclease L (2',5'-oligoisoadenylate synthetase-dependent) |
Cleaves single-stranded RNA in U-rich sequences; activates antiviral innate immunity |
[45] |
| RSAD2 (Viperin) |
Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 |
Inhibits viral production |
[46] |
| SAMHD1 |
SAM domain and HD domain 1 |
Inhibits HIV replication in myeloid cells, probably by regulating cellular dNTP supply |
[47] |
| SLFN11 | Schlafen family member 11 | Inhibits viral protein synthesis | [48] |