Table 1. Mean scores for all variables in the study in both samples.
| Swedish boys | Swedish girls | Swedish total | Iranian boys | Iranian girls | Iranian total | Theoretical range |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extraversion | 3.48 ± .29 | 3.48 ± .46 | 3.49 ± .41 | 3.37 ± .54 | 3.55 ± .47 | 3.44 ± .51 | 1–5 |
| Neuroticism | 2.69 ± .50c *** | 3.24 ± .42b *** | 3.05 ± .52 | 3.03 ± .53 | 3.12 ± .57 | 3.06 ± .54 | 1–5 |
| Agreeableness | 3.08 ± .40 | 3.48 ± .38b * | 3.34 ± .43 | 3.51 ± 1.02 | 3.59 ± .51 | 3.54 ± .85** | 1–5 |
| Conscientiousness | 3.22 ± .58 | 3.14 ± .50 | 3.17 ± .52 | 3.49 ± .48 | 3.42 ± .57 | 3.46 ± .52*** | 1–5 |
| Openness | 3.03 ± .32 | 3.36 ± .37b * | 3.25 ± .39 | 3.83 ± .60 | 3.87 ± .79 | 3.85 ± .68*** | 1–5 |
| Life satisfaction | 5.14 ± 1.07 | 4.67 ± 1.26 | 4.82 ± 1.22 | 4.53 ± 1.72 | 4.87 ± 1.59 | 4.66 ± 1.67 | 1–7 |
| Positive affect | 3.74 ± .67a ** | 3.33 ± .71 | 3.46 ± .72*** | 2.77 ± .60c *** | 3.59 ± .82 | 3.08 ± .80 | 1–5 |
| Negative affect | 2.02 ± .54 | 2.50 ± .64 | 2.34 ± .65 | 2.93 ± .39d ** | 2.49 ± .80 | 2.79 ± .62*** | 1–5 |
| Psychological well-being | 4.49 ± .51d ** | 4.20 ± .49 | 4.29 ± .51* | 4.14 ± .52 | 4.23 ± .60 | 4.17 ± .55 | 1–6 |
| Positive relations | 4.26 ± .86 | 4.52 ± .86b ** | 4.44 ± .86*** | 3.65 ± 1.27 | 4.10 ± .86b ** | 3.82 ± 1.15 | 1–6 |
| Environmental mastery | 4.57 ± .75a *** | 3.96 ± .91 | 4.15 ± .90 | 4.56 ± .95a *** | 4.07 ± 1.12 | 4.38 ± 1.04 | 1–6 |
| Self-acceptance | 4.81 ± .79d *** | 4.11 ± 1.07 | 4.33 ± 1.04 | 4.19 ± .75 | 4.63 ± 1.17b * | 4.36 ± .95 | 1–6 |
| Autonomy | 4.18 ± .81a * | 3.84 ± .71 | 3.95 ± .75 | 4.79 ± .95a * | 4.61 ± 1.00 | 4.72 ± .97*** | 1–6 |
| Personal growth | 4.67 ± .91 | 4.52 ± .80 | 4.57 ± .83*** | 3.93 ± 1.00 | 3.63 ± .79 | 3.82 ± .94 | 1–6 |
| Purpose in life | 4.46 ± .95 | 4.25 ± .72 | 4.32 ± .80*** | 3.74 ± .95 | 4.32 ± 1.12b ** | 3.95 ± 1.05 | 1–6 |
Notes.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.
a
Higher than girls.
b
Higher than boys.
c
Lower than all groups.
d
Higher than all groups.