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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1979 Feb;76(2):999–1003. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.2.999

The pineal gland: a pacemaker within the circadian system of the house sparrow.

N H Zimmerman, M Menaker
PMCID: PMC383119  PMID: 284425

Abstract

Transplantation of pineal tissue into the anterior chamber of the eye rapidly reestablishes rhythmicity in arhythmic pinealectomized sparrows and also transfers the phase of the donor bird's rhythm to the host. Thus, the transplanted pineal does not merely permit rhythmicity to be expressed but rather transfers an oscillation that controls the remainder of the circadian system and restores the capacity for self-sustained rhythmicity. Long-term recordings, during which sparrosw were exposed to various lighting conditions, demonstrate a remarkable similarity between the circadian system in normal birds and that in birds bearing pineal transplants.

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Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

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