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Scheme of the proposed LIF signaling pathway in trophoblasts. Red lines demonstrate the major findings of this paper: LIF triggers activation of JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways independently. ERK1/2 does not induce STAT3 (ser727) phosphorylation but antagonizes STAT3 DNA-binding capacity in the nucleus. JAK/STAT and MAPK activation result in different cell-responses: increase of invasiveness and proliferation, respectively.
