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. 1979 Aug;76(8):3917–3921. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3917

Major intracellular cations and growth control: Correspondence among magnesium content, protein synthesis, and the onset of DNA synthesis in BALB/c3T3 cells

A H Rubin 1, M Terasaki 1, H Sanui 1
PMCID: PMC383947  PMID: 291049

Abstract

Omission of Ca2+ from the medium of confluent BALB/c3T3 cells for a period of 17 hr causes a large decrease in the number of cells synthesizing DNA. This effect is reversed by raising the Mg2+ concentration of the medium to 20 mM. However, if the [Mg2+] is greater than 20 mM (“ultra-high” Mg2+), there is again a decrease in the number of cells synthesizing DNA. The synthesis of protein has a similar dependence on Mg2+ concentration in Ca2+-deficient medium, but it responds within 45 min of the shift in cation concentrations rather than the 10 hr that is required for the change in DNA synthesis to become apparent. Cells in the ultrahigh Mg2+ concentrations that are at first inhibitory to protein synthesis later return to maximal protein synthesis. This delayed increase in protein synthesis is reflected in a delayed increase in DNA synthesis. Intracellular concentrations of Mg2+ in Ca2+-deficient media increase in proportion to extracellular Mg2+ concentrations. Cells in medium with 30 mM Mg2+ have a high intracellular content of Mg2+ at 3 hr but have decreased their intracellular content by 17 hr, a time at which protein synthesis has been restored to normal. Intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations also change in Ca2+-deficient medium, but independent variation of these ions shows that protein synthesis is relatively insensitive to their concentration. Intracellular Ca2+ remains fairly constant under all these conditions. The rate of protein synthesis of intact cells changes as a function of intracellular Mg2+ content in a manner very similar to that which has been reported for cell-free systems. We conclude that protein synthesis is very sensitive to small changes in intracellular [Mg2+] within physiological range and that the onset of DNA synthesis is dependent on the rate of protein synthesis. Regulation of the availability of Mg2+ within the cell therefore presents a plausible mechanism for growth control.

Keywords: translational control, sodium, potassium, calcium

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Selected References

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