NIH budget and pediatric-research portfolio, fiscal-year 1992–2009 (in billions).1,2 Source: NIH Office of the Budget. Note: The NIH defines pediatric research as “studies in all categories of biomedical research (basic, clinical, epidemiologic, behavioral, prevention, treatment, diagnosis, as well as outcomes and health services) that relate to diseases, conditions, or the health/development of neonates, infants, children, and adolescents up to the age of 21. (Reproduced with permission from Gitterman DP, Hay WW Jr. Pediatr Res. 2008;64[5]:464.)