Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1986 Oct;83(20):7663–7667. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.20.7663

Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding the GTP-binding protein alpha i and identification of a related protein, alpha h.

T Michel, J W Winslow, J A Smith, J G Seidman, E J Neer
PMCID: PMC386781  PMID: 3094012

Abstract

We have cloned and characterized cDNA encoding alpha i, the GTP-binding subunit of Gi, a protein that mediates hormonal inhibition of adenylate cyclase and hormonal regulation of other membrane functions. We have also identified cDNA encoding a putative protein, which we have named alpha h, that is highly homologous to alpha i but different from other known GTP-binding proteins. Both cDNAs were isolated from a bovine pituitary library. The cDNA encoding alpha i was identified by finding that the amino acid sequence determined for two tryptic peptides from alpha i agreed exactly with amino acid sequences deduced from the cDNA. We also determined the amino acid sequence of peptides derived from alpha o, a related 39-kDa protein purified from bovine brain. These sequences are approximately 75% identical to the sequence determined for alpha i. Southern blot analysis of bovine genomic DNA, using as probes radiolabeled cDNAs for alpha i, alpha h, and the alpha subunit of a related protein, transducin, showed that each probe recognized different genomic DNA fragments. Our results suggest a further level of complexity in the organization of the G-protein gene family, with multiple G proteins of very similar structural properties likely to be identified as products of distinct genes.

Full text

PDF
7663

Images in this article

7666Image
on p.7666
7666Image
on p.7666
7666Image
on p.7666
7666Image
on p.7666

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bell G. I., Karam J. H., Rutter W. J. Polymorphic DNA region adjacent to the 5' end of the human insulin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Sep;78(9):5759–5763. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.9.5759. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bokoch G. M., Gilman A. G. Inhibition of receptor-mediated release of arachidonic acid by pertussis toxin. Cell. 1984 Dec;39(2 Pt 1):301–308. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90008-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bokoch G. M., Katada T., Northup J. K., Ui M., Gilman A. G. Purification and properties of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component of adenylate cyclase. J Biol Chem. 1984 Mar 25;259(6):3560–3567. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cerione R. A., Staniszewski C., Benovic J. L., Lefkowitz R. J., Caron M. G., Gierschik P., Somers R., Spiegel A. M., Codina J., Birnbaumer L. Specificity of the functional interactions of the beta-adrenergic receptor and rhodopsin with guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles. J Biol Chem. 1985 Feb 10;260(3):1493–1500. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Codina J., Hildebrandt J. D., Sekura R. D., Birnbaumer M., Bryan J., Manclark C. R., Iyengar R., Birnbaumer L. Ns and Ni, the stimulatory and inhibitory regulatory components of adenylyl cyclases. Purification of the human erythrocyte proteins without the use of activating regulatory ligands. J Biol Chem. 1984 May 10;259(9):5871–5886. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cote T. E., Frey E. A., Sekura R. D. Altered activity of the inhibitory guanyl nucleotide-binding component (Ni) induced by pertussis toxin. Uncoupling of Ni from receptor with continued coupling of Ni to the catalytic unit. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jul 25;259(14):8693–8698. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dixon R. A., Kobilka B. K., Strader D. J., Benovic J. L., Dohlman H. G., Frielle T., Bolanowski M. A., Bennett C. D., Rands E., Diehl R. E. Cloning of the gene and cDNA for mammalian beta-adrenergic receptor and homology with rhodopsin. Nature. 1986 May 1;321(6065):75–79. doi: 10.1038/321075a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fung B. K. Characterization of transducin from bovine retinal rod outer segments. I. Separation and reconstitution of the subunits. J Biol Chem. 1983 Sep 10;258(17):10495–10502. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. García-Sáinz J. A., Boyer J. L., Michel T., Sawyer D., Stiles G. L., Dohlman H., Lefkowitz R. J. Effect of pertussis toxin on alpha 2-adrenoceptors: decreased formation of the high-affinity state for agonists. FEBS Lett. 1984 Jun 25;172(1):95–98. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80881-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gilman A. G. G proteins and dual control of adenylate cyclase. Cell. 1984 Mar;36(3):577–579. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90336-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Halliday K. R. Regional homology in GTP-binding proto-oncogene products and elongation factors. J Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphor Res. 1983;9(6):435–448. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Harris B. A., Robishaw J. D., Mumby S. M., Gilman A. G. Molecular cloning of complementary DNA for the alpha subunit of the G protein that stimulates adenylate cyclase. Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1274–1277. doi: 10.1126/science.3839937. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hildebrandt J. D., Codina J., Rosenthal W., Birnbaumer L., Neer E. J., Yamazaki A., Bitensky M. W. Characterization by two-dimensional peptide mapping of the gamma subunits of Ns and Ni, the regulatory proteins of adenylyl cyclase, and of transducin, the guanine nucleotide-binding protein of rod outer segments of the eye. J Biol Chem. 1985 Nov 25;260(27):14867–14872. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hsia J. A., Moss J., Hewlett E. L., Vaughan M. ADP-ribosylation of adenylate cyclase by pertussis toxin. Effects on inhibitory agonist binding. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jan 25;259(2):1086–1090. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Jurnak F. Structure of the GDP domain of EF-Tu and location of the amino acids homologous to ras oncogene proteins. Science. 1985 Oct 4;230(4721):32–36. doi: 10.1126/science.3898365. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kanaho Y., Tsai S. C., Adamik R., Hewlett E. L., Moss J., Vaughan M. Rhodopsin-enhanced GTPase activity of the inhibitory GTP-binding protein of adenylate cyclase. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jun 25;259(12):7378–7381. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Katada T., Ui M. ADP ribosylation of the specific membrane protein of C6 cells by islet-activating protein associated with modification of adenylate cyclase activity. J Biol Chem. 1982 Jun 25;257(12):7210–7216. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lochrie M. A., Hurley J. B., Simon M. I. Sequence of the alpha subunit of photoreceptor G protein: homologies between transducin, ras, and elongation factors. Science. 1985 Apr 5;228(4695):96–99. doi: 10.1126/science.3856323. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Manning D. R., Gilman A. G. The regulatory components of adenylate cyclase and transducin. A family of structurally homologous guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. J Biol Chem. 1983 Jun 10;258(11):7059–7063. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Medynski D. C., Sullivan K., Smith D., Van Dop C., Chang F. H., Fung B. K., Seeburg P. H., Bourne H. R. Amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit of transducin deduced from the cDNA sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(13):4311–4315. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.13.4311. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Messing J. New M13 vectors for cloning. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:20–78. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01005-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Milligan G., Gierschik P., Spiegel A. M., Klee W. A. The GTP-binding regulatory proteins of neuroblastoma x glioma, NG108-15, and glioma, C6, cells. Immunochemical evidence of a pertussis toxin substrate that is neither Ni nor No. FEBS Lett. 1986 Jan 20;195(1-2):225–230. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80165-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Nakamura T., Ui M. Simultaneous inhibitions of inositol phospholipid breakdown, arachidonic acid release, and histamine secretion in mast cells by islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin. A possible involvement of the toxin-specific substrate in the Ca2+-mobilizing receptor-mediated biosignaling system. J Biol Chem. 1985 Mar 25;260(6):3584–3593. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Neer E. J., Lok J. M., Wolf L. G. Purification and properties of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory unit of brain adenylate cyclase. J Biol Chem. 1984 Nov 25;259(22):14222–14229. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Northup J. K., Sternweis P. C., Smigel M. D., Schleifer L. S., Ross E. M., Gilman A. G. Purification of the regulatory component of adenylate cyclase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Nov;77(11):6516–6520. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6516. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Nukada T., Tanabe T., Takahashi H., Noda M., Haga K., Haga T., Ichiyama A., Kanagawa K., Hiranaga M., Matsuo Primary structure of the alpha-subunit of bovine adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein deduced from the cDNA sequence. FEBS Lett. 1986 Mar 3;197(1-2):305–310. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80347-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Nukada T., Tanabe T., Takahashi H., Noda M., Hirose T., Inayama S., Numa S. Primary structure of the alpha-subunit of bovine adenylate cyclase-stimulating G-protein deduced from the cDNA sequence. FEBS Lett. 1986 Jan 20;195(1-2):220–224. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80164-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Okajima F., Ui M. ADP-ribosylation of the specific membrane protein by islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, associated with inhibition of a chemotactic peptide-induced arachidonate release in neutrophils. A possible role of the toxin substrate in Ca2+-mobilizing biosignaling. J Biol Chem. 1984 Nov 25;259(22):13863–13871. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Owens J. R., Frame L. T., Ui M., Cooper D. M. Cholera toxin ADP-ribosylates the islet-activating protein substrate in adipocyte membranes and alters its function. J Biol Chem. 1985 Dec 15;260(29):15946–15952. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Robishaw J. D., Russell D. W., Harris B. A., Smigel M. D., Gilman A. G. Deduced primary structure of the alpha subunit of the GTP-binding stimulatory protein of adenylate cyclase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(5):1251–1255. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.5.1251. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Rodbell M. The role of hormone receptors and GTP-regulatory proteins in membrane transduction. Nature. 1980 Mar 6;284(5751):17–22. doi: 10.1038/284017a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Sasavage N. L., Nilson J. H., Horowitz S., Rottman F. M. Nucleotide sequence of bovine prolactin messenger RNA. Evidence for sequence polymorphism. J Biol Chem. 1982 Jan 25;257(2):678–681. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Sternweis P. C., Robishaw J. D. Isolation of two proteins with high affinity for guanine nucleotides from membranes of bovine brain. J Biol Chem. 1984 Nov 25;259(22):13806–13813. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Tanabe T., Nukada T., Nishikawa Y., Sugimoto K., Suzuki H., Takahashi H., Noda M., Haga T., Ichiyama A., Kangawa K. Primary structure of the alpha-subunit of transducin and its relationship to ras proteins. Nature. 1985 May 16;315(6016):242–245. doi: 10.1038/315242a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Van Dop C., Tsubokawa M., Bourne H. R., Ramachandran J. Amino acid sequence of retinal transducin at the site ADP-ribosylated by cholera toxin. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jan 25;259(2):696–698. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Van Dop C., Yamanaka G., Steinberg F., Sekura R. D., Manclark C. R., Stryer L., Bourne H. R. ADP-ribosylation of transducin by pertussis toxin blocks the light-stimulated hydrolysis of GTP and cGMP in retinal photoreceptors. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jan 10;259(1):23–26. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. West R. E., Jr, Moss J., Vaughan M., Liu T., Liu T. Y. Pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of transducin. Cysteine 347 is the ADP-ribose acceptor site. J Biol Chem. 1985 Nov 25;260(27):14428–14430. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Yatsunami K., Khorana H. G. GTPase of bovine rod outer segments: the amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit as derived from the cDNA sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(13):4316–4320. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.13.4316. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES