Abstract
Plasmid pBR322 DNA isolated from topoisomerase I mutants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium exhibits a distinctive supercoiling distribution characterized by an extremely heterogeneous distribution of linking numbers that contains highly negatively supercoiled topoisomers. Analysis of the supercoiling distributions of deletion and insertion derivatives of pBR322 shows that the presence of the gene on pBR322 encoding resistance to tetracycline is responsible for the unusual supercoiling distribution. Both an intact promoter and a portion of the remainder of the gene, but not the gene product, are required. However, no particular section of the gene outside the promoter appears to be necessary; only the size of the section remaining appears to be important. These observations suggest that transcription of this gene may be responsible for its effect on DNA supercoiling.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Amster O., Zamir A. Sequence rearrangements may alter the in vivo superhelicity of recombinant plasmids. FEBS Lett. 1986 Mar 3;197(1-2):93–98. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80305-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brosius J., Cate R. L., Perlmutter A. P. Precise location of two promoters for the beta-lactamase gene of pBR322. S1 mapping of ribonucleic acid isolated from Escherichia coli or synthesized in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1982 Aug 10;257(15):9205–9210. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dean F., Krasnow M. A., Otter R., Matzuk M. M., Spengler S. J., Cozzarelli N. R. Escherichia coli type-1 topoisomerases: identification, mechanism, and role in recombination. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1983;47(Pt 2):769–777. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1983.047.01.088. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DiNardo S., Voelkel K. A., Sternglanz R., Reynolds A. E., Wright A. Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I mutants have compensatory mutations in DNA gyrase genes. Cell. 1982 Nov;31(1):43–51. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90403-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Drlica K. Biology of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid topoisomerases. Microbiol Rev. 1984 Dec;48(4):273–289. doi: 10.1128/mr.48.4.273-289.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gamper H. B., Hearst J. E. A topological model for transcription based on unwinding angle analysis of E. coli RNA polymerase binary, initiation and ternary complexes. Cell. 1982 May;29(1):81–90. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90092-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gellert M. DNA topoisomerases. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:879–910. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.004311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gellert M., Fisher L. M., O'Dea M. H. DNA gyrase: purification and catalytic properties of a fragment of gyrase B protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6289–6293. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6289. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gellert M., Menzel R., Mizuuchi K., O'Dea M. H., Friedman D. I. Regulation of DNA supercoiling in Escherichia coli. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1983;47(Pt 2):763–767. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1983.047.01.087. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gellert M., Mizuuchi K., O'Dea M. H., Itoh T., Tomizawa J. I. Nalidixic acid resistance: a second genetic character involved in DNA gyrase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Nov;74(11):4772–4776. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.11.4772. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gellert M., Mizuuchi K., O'Dea M. H., Nash H. A. DNA gyrase: an enzyme that introduces superhelical turns into DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Nov;73(11):3872–3876. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.11.3872. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hsieh T. S., Wang J. C. Thermodynamic properties of superhelical DNAs. Biochemistry. 1975 Feb 11;14(3):527–535. doi: 10.1021/bi00674a011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Isberg R. R., Syvanen M. DNA gyrase is a host factor required for transposition of Tn5. Cell. 1982 Aug;30(1):9–18. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90006-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kreuzer K. N., McEntee K., Geballe A. P., Cozzarelli N. R. Lambda transducing phages for the nalA gene of Escherichia coli and conditional lethal nalA mutations. Mol Gen Genet. 1978 Nov 29;167(2):129–137. doi: 10.1007/BF00266906. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lockshon D., Morris D. R. Sites of reaction of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase on pBR322 in vivo as revealed by oxolinic acid-induced plasmid linearization. J Mol Biol. 1985 Jan 5;181(1):63–74. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90324-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Menzel R., Gellert M. Regulation of the genes for E. coli DNA gyrase: homeostatic control of DNA supercoiling. Cell. 1983 Aug;34(1):105–113. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90140-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Connor M. B., Malamy M. H. Mapping of DNA gyrase cleavage sites in vivo oxolinic acid induced cleavages in plasmid pBR322. J Mol Biol. 1985 Feb 20;181(4):545–550. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90426-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Orr E., Fairweather N. F., Holland I. B., Pritchard R. H. Isolation and characterisation of a strain carrying a conditional lethal mutation in the cou gene of Escherichia coli K12. Mol Gen Genet. 1979;177(1):103–112. doi: 10.1007/BF00267259. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peden K. W. Revised sequence of the tetracycline-resistance gene of pBR322. Gene. 1983 May-Jun;22(2-3):277–280. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90112-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pruss G. J. DNA topoisomerase I mutants. Increased heterogeneity in linking number and other replicon-dependent changes in DNA supercoiling. J Mol Biol. 1985 Sep 5;185(1):51–63. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90182-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pruss G. J., Manes S. H., Drlica K. Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I mutants: increased supercoiling is corrected by mutations near gyrase genes. Cell. 1982 Nov;31(1):35–42. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90402-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Raji A., Zabel D. J., Laufer C. S., Depew R. E. Genetic analysis of mutations that compensate for loss of Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I. J Bacteriol. 1985 Jun;162(3):1173–1179. doi: 10.1128/jb.162.3.1173-1179.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richardson S. M., Higgins C. F., Lilley D. M. The genetic control of DNA supercoiling in Salmonella typhimurium. EMBO J. 1984 Aug;3(8):1745–1752. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02041.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rodriguez R. L., West R. W., Heyneker H. L., Bolivar F., Boyer H. W. Characterizing wild-type and mutant promoters of the tetracycline resistance gene in pBR313. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Jul 25;6(10):3267–3287. doi: 10.1093/nar/6.10.3267. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shen C. K., Hu W. S. DNA supercoiling of recombinant plasmids in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(6):1641–1645. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.6.1641. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Som T., Tomizawa J. Regulatory regions of ColE1 that are involved in determination of plasmid copy number. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(11):3232–3236. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.11.3232. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sternglanz R., DiNardo S., Voelkel K. A., Nishimura Y., Hirota Y., Becherer K., Zumstein L., Wang J. C. Mutations in the gene coding for Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I affect transcription and transposition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 May;78(5):2747–2751. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.5.2747. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sugino A., Peebles C. L., Kreuzer K. N., Cozzarelli N. R. Mechanism of action of nalidixic acid: purification of Escherichia coli nalA gene product and its relationship to DNA gyrase and a novel nicking-closing enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Nov;74(11):4767–4771. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.11.4767. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sutcliffe J. G. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1979;43(Pt 1):77–90. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1979.043.01.013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tse-Dinh Y. C. Regulation of the Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I gene by DNA supercoiling. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jul 11;13(13):4751–4763. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.13.4751. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Unger B., Becker J., Hillen W. Nucleotide sequence of the gene, protein purification and characterization of the pSC101-encoded tetracycline resistance-gene-repressor. Gene. 1984 Nov;31(1-3):103–108. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90199-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vieira J., Messing J. The pUC plasmids, an M13mp7-derived system for insertion mutagenesis and sequencing with synthetic universal primers. Gene. 1982 Oct;19(3):259–268. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90015-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vosberg H. P. DNA topoisomerases: enzymes that control DNA conformation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1985;114:19–102. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-70227-3_2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang J. C. Interaction between DNA and an Escherichia coli protein omega. J Mol Biol. 1971 Feb 14;55(3):523–533. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90334-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang J. C., Peck L. J., Becherer K. DNA supercoiling and its effects on DNA structure and function. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1983;47(Pt 1):85–91. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1983.047.01.011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]