TABLE 2.
Proportion of Students, % (95% CI) | Adjusted Effect on Smokeless Tobacco Use, aORb (95% CI) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Nonusers of Any Smokeless Tobacco Product (n = 17 589) | Snus or Dissolvable Tobacco Product Users Only (n = 114) | Snuff or Chewing or Dipping Tobacco Users Only (n = 617) | Combined Users of Snus or Dissolvable Tobacco Products Plus Snuff or Chewing or Dipping Tobacco (n = 221) | Users of Any Smokeless Tobacco Producta (n = 960) | |
Concurrent use of other tobacco products | ||||||
Current smoking of any combustible tobaccoc | 13.0 (11.6–14.4) | 80.5 (70.6–90.4) | 65.2 (59.1–71.4) | 82.3 (76.9–87.7) | 72.1 (67.4–76.8) | 5.91 (4.36–7.99)* (Ref = nonsmokers) |
Current use of electronic cigarettes | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 8.6 (2.6–14.5) | 3.9 (1.9–6.0) | 19.2 (12.7–25.7) | 8.5 (5.9–11.0) | 2.95 (1.62–5.37)* (Ref = nonusers) |
Current use of other “new tobacco products” not specified | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | — | 15.6 (11.1–20.2) | 20.0 (13.2–26.9) | 16.3 (12.5–20.2) | 4.11 (2.47–6.87)* (Ref = nonusers) |
Beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions | ||||||
Self-report that it would be easy or somewhat easy to get tobacco | 60.6 (57.9–63.4) | 93.7 (88.1–99.3) | 92.6 (89.0–96.1) | 97.1 (94.6–99.6) | 93.9 (91.5–96.2) | 2.22 (1.35–3.63)* (Ref = not easy) |
Belief that all tobacco products are harmful | 91.6 (90.8–92.4) | 67.6 (57.7–77.4) | 67.9 (63.0–72.8) | 64.6 (57.6–71.6) | 67.0 (63.3–70.7) | 0.55 (0.38–0.79)* (Ref = not harmful) |
Exposure to smokeless tobacco health warning labels | ||||||
Saw warning label on smokeless tobacco products in past 30 daysd | 47.9 (45.1–50.8) | 64.0 (50.0–78.0) | 75.7 (70.8–80.7) | 86.3 (81.1–91.5) | 78.1 (74.0–82.2) | 2.68 (1.93–3.74)* (Ref = never or rarely) |
Exposure and receptivity to tobacco advertisement | ||||||
Exposure to tobacco advertisements at billboard or store | 51.5 (49.3–53.7) | 68.7 (55.8–81.5) | 69.9 (64.5–75.3) | 73.3 (66.3–80.2) | 70.8 (66.5–75.1) | 1.24 (0.93–1.65) (Ref = never or rarely) |
Likely to use or wear something with tobacco company name or picture | 16.0 (14.9–17.2) | 56.9 (46.9–66.9) | 57.8 (53.3–62.2) | 64.2 (55.2–73.2) | 59.4 (55.6–63.3) | 1.68 (1.26–2.25)* (Ref = not likely) |
Bought or received something with tobacco company name/picture in past 12 months | 10.5 (9.7–11.3) | 39.2 (29.9–48.6) | 41.1 (35.7–46.5) | 52.1 (43.9–60.2) | 44.0 (39.8–48.1) | 1.41 (1.01–1.99)* (Ref = no purchase/receipt) |
Protobacco influences | ||||||
One or more close friends smokes cigarettes | 29.7 (27.4–31.9) | 73.2 (63.6–82.7) | 74.5 (70.0–78.9) | 85.3 (79.4–91.2) | 77.4 (74.3–80.5) | 0.82 (0.59–1.12) (Ref = none) |
One or more close friends uses smokeless tobacco | 12.9 (11.0–14.8) | 41.9 (30.0–53.7) | 79.2 (75.0–83.4) | 91.6 (87.4–95.9) | 79.2 (76.2–82.3) | 9.56 (7.14–12.80)* (Ref = none) |
One or more persons in household smokes any combustible tobacco | 35.6 (32.9–38.2) | 49.4 (40.5–58.4) | 54.8 (49.2–60.4) | 65.7 (57.7–73.8) | 57.3 (52.4–62.1) | 0.96 (0.73–1.27) (Ref = none) |
One or more persons in household uses smokeless tobacco | 7.1 (5.6–8.6) | 10.9 (3.3–18.5) | 34.9 (28.0–41.8) | 45.5 (38.1–52.9) | 35.6 (30.5–40.7) | 3.32 (2.23–4.95)* (Ref = none) |
All data were weighted to account for the complex survey design. Ref, referent category; —, estimate not reported because relative SE was ≥40%.
Any smokeless tobacco use was defined as use of at least 1 of the following tobacco products on ≥1 days during the past 30 days: snus, dissolvable tobacco products, or snuff or chewing or dipping tobacco.
Adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, school level, current use of smoked tobacco products, receptivity toward protobacco advertisements (as measured by buying or receiving an item with a tobacco name or picture), and protobacco peer and household influences.
Current use of any combustible tobacco product was defined as use of at least 1 of the following tobacco products on ≥1 days during the past 30 days: cigarettes (including flavored cigarettes and roll-your-own cigarettes), cigars (including clove cigars and flavored little cigars), bidis, kreteks, pipes, and waterpipes/hookahs.
Among students who reported seeing a smokeless tobacco product within the past 30 days.
Significant at P < .05.