TABLE 3.

Assessment of Male-Female Differences in Smokeless Tobacco Use, 2011 National Youth Tobacco Survey

Characteristic	Male-Female Gap in Smokeless Tobacco Use Explained by Gender Difference in Observed Characteristics, % (95% CI)	P
Use of cigarette or smokeless tobacco by ≥1 close friend	19.11 (15.39–22.84)	<.001
Use of cigarette or smokeless tobacco by ≥1 household member	1.92 (0.0–4.09)	.081
Exposure and receptivity to tobacco advertisements	10.72 (7.05–14.38)	<.001
Current use of any combustible tobacco productsa	16.89 (12.93–20.85)	<.001
Perception that all tobacco products are harmful	6.50 (4.01–8.99)	<.001
Sociodemographic characteristicsb	2.00 (0.73–3.24)	.002

All data were weighted to account for the complex survey design.

^aCurrent use of any combustible tobacco product was defined as use of at least 1 of the following tobacco products on ≥1 days during the past 30 days: cigarettes (including flavored cigarettes and roll-your-own cigarettes), cigars (including clove cigars and flavored little cigars), bidis, kreteks, pipes, and waterpipes/hookahs.

^bSociodemographic characteristics assessed included age and race/ethnicity.