Abstract
The rate of synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) in rat liver decreased with a half-life of 30 min after fasted rats were refed either a chow diet or glucose. A requirement for both glucose and insulin to bring about this rapid deinduction was shown, as well as the ability of dibutyryl adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate to block the decrease in enzyme synthesis. Estimates of the stability of messenger RNA of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were made by using the inhibitors actinomycin D and cordycepin to block further messenger RNA synthesis, and then measuring the decrease in specific enzyme synthesis. It is suggested that the use of actinomycin D yields an overestimation of the template stability. The results with cordycepin imply that the enzyme messenger RNA has a short half-life of approximately 1 hr. Thus, it is possible that deinduction may proceed by way of a decrease in messenger RNA production, leading to a rapid fall in the synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
Keywords: actinomycin D, cordycepin, cyclic AMP, insulin
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Adesnik M., Salditt M., Thomas W., Darnell J. E. Evidence that all messenger RNA molecules (except histone messenger RNA) contain Poly (A) sequences and that the Poly(A) has a nuclear function. J Mol Biol. 1972 Oct 28;71(1):21–30. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90397-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Butcher F. R., Bushnell D. E., Becker J. E., Potter V. R. Effect of cordycepin on induction of tyrosine aminotransferase employing hepatoma cells in tissue culture. Exp Cell Res. 1972 Sep;74(1):115–123. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(72)90486-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chang H. C., Lane M. D. The enzymatic carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate. II. Purification and properties of liver mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. J Biol Chem. 1966 May 25;241(10):2413–2420. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Darnell J. E., Philipson L., Wall R., Adesnik M. Polyadenylic acid sequences: role in conversion of nuclear RNA into messenger RNA. Science. 1971 Oct 29;174(4008):507–510. doi: 10.1126/science.174.4008.507. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Endo Y., Seno H., Tominaga H., Natori Y. Effects of inhibitors of protein or RNA synthesis on turnover rate of messenger RNA in rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1973 Feb 23;299(1):114–120. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90402-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Foster D. O., Ray P. D., Lardy H. A. Studies on the mechanisms underlying adaptive changes in rat liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Biochemistry. 1966 Feb;5(2):555–562. doi: 10.1021/bi00866a022. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grayson S., Berry S. J. Estimation of the half-life of a secretory protein message. Science. 1973 Jun 8;180(4090):1071–1072. doi: 10.1126/science.180.4090.1071. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Greenberg J. R. High stability of messenger RNA in growing cultured cells. Nature. 1972 Nov 10;240(5376):102–104. doi: 10.1038/240102a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hopgood M. F., Ballard F. J. Synthesis and degradation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in rat liver and adipose tissue. Changes during a starvation-re-feeding cycle. Biochem J. 1973 Jun;134(2):445–453. doi: 10.1042/bj1340445. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jost J. P., Khairallah E. A., Pitot H. C. Studies on the induction and repression of enzymes in rat liver. V. Regulation of the rate of synthesis and degradation of serine dehydratase by dietary amino acids and glucose. J Biol Chem. 1968 Jun 10;243(11):3057–3066. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kenney F. T., Lee K. L., Stiles C. D. Degradation of messenger RNA in mammalian cells. Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh) 1972;168:369–380. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.071s369. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LEVINTHAL C., KEYNAN A., HIGA A. Messenger RNA turnover and protein synthesis in B. subtilis inhibited by actinomycin D. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Sep 15;48:1631–1638. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.9.1631. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murphy W., Attardi G. Stability of cytoplasmic messenger RNA in HeLa cels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Jan;70(1):115–119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.1.115. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Penman S., Rosbash M., Penman M. Messenger and heterogeneous nuclear RNA in HeLa cells: differential inhibition by cordycepin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Dec;67(4):1878–1885. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.4.1878. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Philippidis H., Hanson R. W., Reshef L., Hopgood M. F., Ballard F. J. The initial synthesis of proteins during development. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in rat liver at birth. Biochem J. 1972 Mar;126(5):1127–1134. doi: 10.1042/bj1261127. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SHRAGO E., LARDY H. A., NORDLIE R. C., FOSTER D. O. METABOLIC AND HORMONAL CONTROL OF PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE AND MALIC ENZYME IN RAT LIVER. J Biol Chem. 1963 Oct;238:3188–3192. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Singer R. H., Penman S. Messenger RNA in HeLa cells: kinetics of formation and decay. J Mol Biol. 1973 Aug 5;78(2):321–334. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90119-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Singer R. H., Penman S. Stability of HeLa cell mRNA in actinomycin. Nature. 1972 Nov 10;240(5376):100–102. doi: 10.1038/240100a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Soeiro R., Vaughan M. H., Warner J. R., Darnell J. E., Jr The turnover of nuclear DNA-like RNA in HeLa cells. J Cell Biol. 1968 Oct;39(1):112–118. doi: 10.1083/jcb.39.1.112. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stauffacher W., Orci L., Dulin W. E., Renold A. E., Rouiller C. Ultrastructural changes in A-cells exposed to diabetic hyperglycaemia. Observations made on pancreas of Chinese hamsters. Diabetologia. 1970 Jun;6(3):199–206. doi: 10.1007/BF01212230. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stewart G. A., Farber E. The rapid acceleration of hepatic nuclear ribonucleic acid breakdown by actinomycin but not by ethionine. J Biol Chem. 1968 Sep 10;243(17):4479–4485. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sudilovsky O., Pestana A., Hinderaker P. H., Pitot H. C. Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate during glucose repression in the rat liver. Science. 1971 Oct 8;174(4005):142–144. doi: 10.1126/science.174.4005.142. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thompson E. B., Granner D. K., Tomkins G. M. Superinduction of tyrosine aminotransferase by actinomycin D in rat hepatoma (HTC) cells. J Mol Biol. 1970 Dec 14;54(2):159–175. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90424-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tomkins G. M., Gelehrter T. D., Granner D., Martin D., Jr, Samuels H. H., Thompson E. B. Control of specific gene expression in higher organisms. Expression of mammalian genes may be controlled by repressors acting on the translation of messenger RNA. Science. 1969 Dec 19;166(3912):1474–1480. doi: 10.1126/science.166.3912.1474. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tomkins G. M., Levinson B. B., Baxter J. D., Dethlefsen L. Further evidence for posttranscriptional control of inducible tyrosine aminotransferase synthesis in cultured hepatoma cells. Nat New Biol. 1972 Sep 6;239(88):9–14. doi: 10.1038/newbio239009a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wicks W. D. Differential effects of glucocorticoids and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on hepatic enzyme synthesis. J Biol Chem. 1971 Jan 10;246(1):217–223. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wicks W. D., Lewis W., McKibbin J. B. Induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by N 6 , O 2 '-dibutyryl cyclic AMP in rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1972 Mar 30;264(1):177–185. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(72)90129-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wicks W. D., McKibbin J. B. Evidence for translational regulation of specific enzyme synthesis by N 6 , O 2' -dibutyryl cyclic AMP in hepatoma cell cultures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1972 Jul 11;48(1):205–211. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90364-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]