Bis[4-(di­methyl­amino)­pyridinium] tetra­chlorido­cuprate(II)

Abstract

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, (C₇H₁₁N₂)₂[CuCl₄], comprises half a tetrahedral tetra­chlorido­cuprate anion, being located on a twofold axis, and a protonated 4-(di­methyl­amino)­pyridine cation. The geometry around the Cu^II ion is highly distorted with the range of Cl—Cu—Cl angles being 94.94 (1)–141.03 (1)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. In the three-dimensional network, cations and anions pack in the lattice so as to generate chains of [CuCl₄]²⁻ anions separated by two orientations of cation layers, which are inter­locked through π–π stacking contacts between pairs of pyridine rings, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.7874 (7) Å.

Related literature  

For general background to organic-inorganic systems, see: Bouacida (2008 ▶). For related 4-di­methyl­amino­pyridinium metal(II) chloride salts, see: Khadri et al. (2013 ▶). For the geometry of four-coordinated tetra­halocuprate(II) ions, see: Awwadi et al. (2007 ▶); Choi et al. (2002 ▶); Diaz et al. (1999 ▶); Haddad et al. (2006 ▶); Harlow et al. (1975 ▶); Marzotto et al. (2001 ▶); Parent et al. (2007 ▶).

Experimental  

Crystal data  

• (C₇H₁₁N₂)₂[CuCl₄]

• M _r = 451.71

• Monoclinic,

• a = 12.3750 (8) Å

• b = 12.1901 (8) Å

• c = 14.1713 (9) Å

• β = 115.023 (1)°

• V = 1937.1 (2) ų

• Z = 4

• Mo Kα radiation

• μ = 1.68 mm⁻¹

• T = 150 K

• 0.13 × 0.12 × 0.10 mm

Data collection  

• Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer

• Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2002 ▶) T _min = 0.675, T _max = 0.747

• 12787 measured reflections

• 3895 independent reflections

• 3389 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

• R _int = 0.017

Refinement  

• R[F ² > 2σ(F ²)] = 0.021

• wR(F ²) = 0.059

• S = 1.05

• 3895 reflections

• 107 parameters

• H-atom parameters constrained

• Δρ_max = 0.55 e Å⁻³

• Δρ_min = −0.22 e Å⁻³

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2011 ▶); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2011 ▶); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SIR2002 (Burla et al., 2005 ▶); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012 ▶) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg & Berndt, 2001 ▶); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 2012 ▶).

Supplementary Material

Additional supplementary materials: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report

Table 1. Selected bond lengths (Å).

Cu1—Cl1	2.2487 (3)
Cu1—Cl2	2.2588 (3)

Table 2. Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °).

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
N2—H2⋯Cl1	0.86	2.55	3.2264 (11)	136
N2—H2⋯Cl2	0.86	2.55	3.2760 (10)	143
C2—H2A⋯Cl1i	0.93	2.67	3.5790 (11)	167
C5—H5⋯Cl2ii	0.93	2.80	3.6501 (11)	152
C11—H11B⋯Cl2iii	0.96	2.82	3.6850 (13)	150

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) .

supplementary crystallographic information

1. Comment

The role of weak intermolecular interactions in the stabilization of hybrid organic-inorganic systems is one of the main targets of our investigation in crystal engineering study (Bouacida, 2008). In continuation of our recent research on 4-dimethylaminopyridinium (HDMAP) metal halide salts (Khadri et al., 2013), the X-ray crystal structures of new one with tetrachlorocuprate (II) anion is reported.

Electronic subshell d9 of Cu(II) is responsible for distortions of symmetry of the coordination polyhedron. This deals with the Jahn-Teller effect. The shape of the four-coordinated tetrahalocuprate (II) ions changes from square planar (Harlow et al., 1975) to distorted tetrahedral (Diaz et al., 1999) and the geometry of [CuX₄]^2- species is influenced by the crystal-packing forces resulted from the size and the form of counter cations (Diaz et al., 1999; Parent et al., 2007), hydrogen bonding to cations (Haddad et al., 2006; Marzotto et al., 2001; Choi et al., 2002), and halide-halide interactions in solid (Awwadi et al., 2007). The degree of distortion of [CuX₄]^2- coordination polyhedra is determined by the mean value of the flattering or trans-angle θ. The asymmetric unit of the title compound, shown in figure 1, contains one half of the copper chloride salt, the other half is generated by a twofold rotation axis (4 e) on which Cu(II) is situated. The [CuCl₄]^2- ions are highly distorted with a mean trans angle of 141.02° as a result of hydrogen bonding interactions with two nearly planar HDMAP cations (0.0295 Å mean deviation). The pyridinium nitrogen forms bifurcated hydrogen bond to two chloride ligands Cl1 and Cl2 and the created organic-inorganic hybrid compound (Fig. 2) is further assembled by C—H···Cl hydrogen bonding interactions (Table 2). In the three dimension network (Fig. 3), cations and anions pack in the lattice to generate chains of [CuX₄]^2- anions separated by two orientations of cation layers which are interlocked through π-π stacking contacts between pairs of pyridine rings with distances centroid-centroid of 3.7874 (7) Å. All these interactions bonds link the layers together, forming a three-dimensional network and reinforcing the cohesion of ionic structure. Additionel hydrogen bond parameters are listed in table 1.

2. Experimental

4-dimethylaminopyridine and CuCl₂·2H₂O in a molar ratio of 1:1 were dissolved in sufficient acidified water (HCl, 37%). Evaporation of obtained solution at room temperature yields yellow crystals of the title compound after one week which crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were carefully isolated.

3. Refinement

All H atoms were localized on Fourier maps but introduced in calculated positions and treated as riding on their parent atoms (C and N) with C—H = 0.96 Å (methyl) or C—H = 0.93 Å (aromatic) N—H = 0.86 Å and with U_iso(H) = 1.2 U_eq(C_aryl or N )and U_iso(H) = 1.5 U_eq(C_methyl).

Figures

Fig. 1.

A view of molecule structure of (I) with the atom-labelling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.

Fig. 2.

(Brandenburg & Berndt, 2001) Partial packing viewed via b axis showing structure as alternating layers of CuCl4 tetrahedral and protonated 4-Dimethylaminopyridine along the c axis and Hydrogen bonds interactions [N—H···Cl and C—H···Cl], as dashed lines.

Fig. 3.

(Brandenburg & Berndt, 2001) Partial packing of (I) showing π-π stacking interactions as red dashed lines.

Crystal data

(C7H11N2)2[CuCl4]	F(000) = 924
Mr = 451.71	Dx = 1.549 Mg m−3
Monoclinic, C2/c	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -C 2yc	Cell parameters from 6282 reflections
a = 12.3750 (8) Å	θ = 2.5–34.7°
b = 12.1901 (8) Å	µ = 1.68 mm−1
c = 14.1713 (9) Å	T = 150 K
β = 115.023 (1)°	Cube, yellow
V = 1937.1 (2) Å3	0.13 × 0.12 × 0.10 mm
Z = 4

Data collection

Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer	3895 independent reflections
Radiation source: sealed tube	3389 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	Rint = 0.017
φ and ω scans	θmax = 34.7°, θmin = 2.5°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2002)	h = −19→19
Tmin = 0.675, Tmax = 0.747	k = −18→18
12787 measured reflections	l = −22→22

Refinement

Refinement on F2	Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.021	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.059	H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.05	w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0283P)2 + 0.9756P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
3895 reflections	(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
107 parameters	Δρmax = 0.55 e Å−3
0 restraints	Δρmin = −0.22 e Å−3

Special details

Geometry. Bond distances, angles etc. have been calculated using the rounded fractional coordinates. All su's are estimated from the variances of the (full) variance-covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account in the estimation of distances, angles and torsion angles

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Ų)

	x	y	z	Uiso*/Ueq
N1	0.43961 (8)	0.14134 (8)	−0.05308 (7)	0.0225 (2)
N2	0.24689 (8)	0.09752 (8)	0.12016 (7)	0.0250 (3)
C1	0.37610 (8)	0.12756 (8)	0.00275 (7)	0.0179 (2)
C2	0.39370 (8)	0.19580 (8)	0.08966 (7)	0.0202 (2)
C3	0.32794 (9)	0.17919 (9)	0.14518 (8)	0.0229 (3)
C4	0.22731 (9)	0.03122 (9)	0.03815 (9)	0.0259 (3)
C5	0.28831 (9)	0.04393 (8)	−0.02169 (8)	0.0222 (2)
C11	0.53277 (10)	0.22510 (10)	−0.02403 (9)	0.0286 (3)
C12	0.41514 (11)	0.07546 (10)	−0.14600 (9)	0.0280 (3)
Cu1	0.00000	0.05740 (1)	0.25000	0.0173 (1)
Cl1	0.07732 (2)	−0.06512 (2)	0.17693 (2)	0.0251 (1)
Cl2	0.15211 (2)	0.17785 (2)	0.29261 (2)	0.0211 (1)
H2	0.20730	0.08760	0.15680	0.0300*
H2A	0.45010	0.25170	0.10860	0.0240*
H3	0.33920	0.22490	0.20110	0.0270*
H4	0.17090	−0.02440	0.02220	0.0310*
H5	0.27260	−0.00200	−0.07840	0.0270*
H11A	0.49760	0.29640	−0.02970	0.0430*
H11B	0.57180	0.22070	−0.06980	0.0430*
H11C	0.59000	0.21310	0.04640	0.0430*
H12A	0.42520	−0.00080	−0.12750	0.0420*
H12B	0.46940	0.09570	−0.17540	0.0420*
H12C	0.33470	0.08820	−0.19620	0.0420*

Atomic displacement parameters (Ų)

	U11	U22	U33	U12	U13	U23
N1	0.0217 (4)	0.0262 (4)	0.0203 (4)	−0.0016 (3)	0.0097 (3)	0.0010 (3)
N2	0.0215 (4)	0.0318 (5)	0.0241 (4)	−0.0019 (3)	0.0120 (3)	0.0016 (3)
C1	0.0164 (4)	0.0182 (4)	0.0172 (4)	0.0003 (3)	0.0052 (3)	0.0015 (3)
C2	0.0200 (4)	0.0194 (4)	0.0192 (4)	−0.0025 (3)	0.0063 (3)	−0.0007 (3)
C3	0.0226 (4)	0.0250 (5)	0.0200 (4)	0.0010 (3)	0.0079 (3)	−0.0012 (3)
C4	0.0217 (4)	0.0265 (5)	0.0276 (5)	−0.0067 (4)	0.0087 (4)	−0.0001 (4)
C5	0.0210 (4)	0.0215 (4)	0.0217 (4)	−0.0036 (3)	0.0067 (3)	−0.0032 (3)
C11	0.0245 (5)	0.0341 (6)	0.0282 (5)	−0.0058 (4)	0.0122 (4)	0.0049 (4)
C12	0.0320 (5)	0.0322 (6)	0.0216 (4)	0.0056 (4)	0.0132 (4)	0.0010 (4)
Cu1	0.0164 (1)	0.0169 (1)	0.0192 (1)	0.0000	0.0082 (1)	0.0000
Cl1	0.0269 (1)	0.0203 (1)	0.0353 (1)	−0.0061 (1)	0.0200 (1)	−0.0087 (1)
Cl2	0.0205 (1)	0.0197 (1)	0.0232 (1)	−0.0035 (1)	0.0095 (1)	−0.0029 (1)

Geometric parameters (Å, º)

Cu1—Cl1i	2.2487 (3)	C2—C3	1.3653 (16)
Cu1—Cl2i	2.2588 (3)	C4—C5	1.3618 (17)
Cu1—Cl1	2.2487 (3)	C2—H2A	0.9300
Cu1—Cl2	2.2588 (3)	C3—H3	0.9300
N1—C1	1.3409 (15)	C4—H4	0.9300
N1—C12	1.4606 (15)	C5—H5	0.9300
N1—C11	1.4627 (16)	C11—H11A	0.9600
N2—C3	1.3498 (15)	C11—H11B	0.9600
N2—C4	1.3507 (15)	C11—H11C	0.9600
N2—H2	0.8600	C12—H12B	0.9600
C1—C2	1.4246 (13)	C12—H12C	0.9600
C1—C5	1.4217 (15)	C12—H12A	0.9600
Cl1i—Cu1—Cl2i	94.94 (1)	C3—C2—H2A	120.00
Cl1—Cu1—Cl2i	141.03 (1)	C2—C3—H3	119.00
Cl1—Cu1—Cl2	94.94 (1)	N2—C3—H3	120.00
Cl1—Cu1—Cl1i	96.76 (1)	N2—C4—H4	119.00
Cl1i—Cu1—Cl2	141.03 (1)	C5—C4—H4	119.00
Cl2—Cu1—Cl2i	98.91 (1)	C1—C5—H5	120.00
C1—N1—C12	120.89 (10)	C4—C5—H5	120.00
C1—N1—C11	120.68 (9)	H11A—C11—H11B	109.00
C11—N1—C12	118.41 (10)	H11A—C11—H11C	110.00
C3—N2—C4	120.68 (10)	N1—C11—H11A	109.00
C4—N2—H2	120.00	N1—C11—H11B	109.00
C3—N2—H2	120.00	N1—C11—H11C	109.00
C2—C1—C5	116.81 (9)	H11B—C11—H11C	109.00
N1—C1—C2	121.57 (9)	H12B—C12—H12C	109.00
N1—C1—C5	121.62 (9)	N1—C12—H12A	109.00
C1—C2—C3	120.08 (9)	N1—C12—H12B	109.00
N2—C3—C2	121.05 (10)	N1—C12—H12C	109.00
N2—C4—C5	121.52 (11)	H12A—C12—H12B	109.00
C1—C5—C4	119.84 (9)	H12A—C12—H12C	109.00
C1—C2—H2A	120.00
C11—N1—C1—C2	2.21 (15)	N1—C1—C2—C3	−179.66 (10)
C11—N1—C1—C5	−177.56 (10)	C5—C1—C2—C3	0.11 (14)
C12—N1—C1—C2	−175.95 (10)	N1—C1—C5—C4	178.72 (10)
C12—N1—C1—C5	4.28 (16)	C2—C1—C5—C4	−1.06 (15)
C4—N2—C3—C2	−1.18 (16)	C1—C2—C3—N2	1.00 (16)
C3—N2—C4—C5	0.20 (17)	N2—C4—C5—C1	0.93 (17)

Symmetry code: (i) −x, y, −z+1/2.

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º)

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
N2—H2···Cl1	0.86	2.55	3.2264 (11)	136
N2—H2···Cl2	0.86	2.55	3.2760 (10)	143
C2—H2A···Cl1ii	0.93	2.67	3.5790 (11)	167
C5—H5···Cl2iii	0.93	2.80	3.6501 (11)	152
C11—H11B···Cl2iv	0.96	2.82	3.6850 (13)	150

Symmetry codes: (ii) x+1/2, y+1/2, z; (iii) x, −y, z−1/2; (iv) x+1/2, −y+1/2, z−1/2.