Fig. 4.

Effect of S. macilenta extract on H₂O₂-induced disruption of neurite outgrowth in differentiated PC12 cells. a NGF-differentiated PC12 cells are pretreated with different concentrations of S. macilenta extract in the presence of H₂O₂. Parameters are quantified at 24 h. b Cell body area; c average neurite length; d average neurite width; e primary neurites per cell; f percent of bipolar cells and g the ratio of nodes to primary neurites are calculated. Each value indicates the mean ± S.E.M. from three independent experiments (biological replicates) and three replicates (technical replicates; n = 3). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 significantly different from control cells. ^# P < 0.05; ^## P < 0.01 significantly different from H₂O₂-treated cells