Abstract
The transcription of DNA in chromatin by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase resembles that of isolated DNA in two important respects: the release of nascent RNA and reinitiation of RNA synthesis is dependent on the salt concentration, and RNA synthesis is markedly stimulated by the addition of ribosomes.
Full text
PDF




Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Alpers D. H., Tomkins G. M. Sequential transcription of the genes of the lactose operon and its regulation by protein synthesis. J Biol Chem. 1966 Oct 10;241(19):4434–4443. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Arnstein H. R., Cox R. A., Gould H., Potter H. A comparison of methods for the isolation and fractionation of reticulocyte ribosomes. Biochem J. 1965 Aug;96(2):500–506. doi: 10.1042/bj0960500. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BLADEN H. A., BYRNE R., LEVIN J. G., NIRENBERG M. W. AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF A DNA-RIBOSOME COMPLEX FORMED IN VITRO. J Mol Biol. 1965 Jan;11:78–83. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80172-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BREMER H., KONRAD M. W. A COMPLEX OF ENZYMATICALLY SYNTHESIZED RNA AND TEMPLATE DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 May;51:801–808. doi: 10.1073/pnas.51.5.801. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BYRNE R., LEVIN J. G., BLADEN H. A., NIRENBERG M. W. THE IN VITRO FORMATION OF A DNA-RIBOSOME COMPLEX. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Jul;52:140–148. doi: 10.1073/pnas.52.1.140. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bekhor I., Kung G. M., Bonner J. Sequence-specific interaction of DNA and chromosomal protein. J Mol Biol. 1969 Jan;39(2):351–364. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90322-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Britten R. J., Kohne D. E. Repeated sequences in DNA. Hundreds of thousands of copies of DNA sequences have been incorporated into the genomes of higher organisms. Science. 1968 Aug 9;161(3841):529–540. doi: 10.1126/science.161.3841.529. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CHAMBERLIN M., BERG P. Deoxyribo ucleic acid-directed synthesis of ribonucleic acid by an enzyme from Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Jan 15;48:81–94. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.1.81. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cartouzou G., Poirée J. C., Lissitzky S. Rapidly-labelled ribonucleic acid-protein complexes of the thyroid tissue. Eur J Biochem. 1969 Apr;8(3):357–369. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1969.tb00536.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Das H. K., Goldstein A., Lowney L. I. Attachment of ribosomes to nascent messenger RNA in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1967 Mar 14;24(2):231–245. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90329-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Davison J., Pilarski L. M., Echols H. A factor that stimulates RNA synthesis by purified RNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 May;63(1):168–174. doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.1.168. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DeBellis R. H., Benjamin W., Gellhorn A. Studies on in vitro RNA synthesis by chromatin fractions from rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1969 Jul 7;36(1):166–173. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(69)90664-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DeVries J. K., Zubay G. DNA-directed peptide synthesis. II. The synthesis of the alpha-fragment of the enzyme beta-galactosidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 Apr;57(4):1010–1012. doi: 10.1073/pnas.57.4.1010. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FOX C. F., WEISS S. B. ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID. II. PROPERTIES OF THE DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID-PRIMED REACTION WITH MICROCOCCUS LYSODEIKTICUS RIBONUCLEIC ACID POLYMERASE. J Biol Chem. 1964 Jan;239:175–185. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fuchse, Millette R. L., Zillig W., Walter G. Influence of salts on RNA synthesis by DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase from Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1967 Dec;3(2):183–193. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1967.tb19514.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GIRARD M., LATHAM H., PENMAN S., DARNELL J. E. ENTRANCE OF NEWLY FORMED MESSENGER RNA AND RIBOSOMES INTO HELA CELL CYTOPLASM. J Mol Biol. 1965 Feb;11:187–201. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80050-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gelfand D. H., Hayashi M. DNA-dependent RNA-directed protein synthesis in vitro, II. Synthesis of a phi-X-174 coat protein component. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 May;63(1):135–137. doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.1.135. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Georgiev G. P. The nature and biosynthesis of nuclear ribonucleic acids. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1967;6:259–351. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60529-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gilmour R. S., Paul J. RNA transcribed from reconstituted nucleoprotein is similar to natural RNA. J Mol Biol. 1969 Feb 28;40(1):137–139. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90301-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gold L. M., Schweiger M. Control of beta-glucosyltransferase and lysozyme synthesis during T4 deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1970 May 10;245(9):2255–2258. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gold L. M., Schweiger M. Synthesis of phage-specific alpha- and beta-glucosyl transferases directed by T-even DNA in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Mar;62(3):892–898. doi: 10.1073/pnas.62.3.892. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HURWITZ J., FURTH J. J., ANDERS M., EVANS A. The role of deoxyribonucleic acid in ribonucleic acid synthesis. II. The influence of deoxyribonucleic acid on the reaction. J Biol Chem. 1962 Dec;237:3752–3759. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Henshaw E. C., Revel M., Hiatt H. H. A cytoplasmic particle bearing messenger ribonucleic acid in rat liver. J Mol Biol. 1965 Nov;14(1):241–256. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80244-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hsu W. T., Weiss S. B. Selective translation of T4 template RNA by ribosomes from T4-infected Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Sep;64(1):345–351. doi: 10.1073/pnas.64.1.345. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones O. W., Berg P. Studies on the binding of RNA polymerase to polynucleotides. J Mol Biol. 1966 Dec 28;22(2):199–209. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(66)90126-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones O. W., Dieckmann M., Berg P. Ribosome-induced dissociation of RNA from an RNA polymerase-DNA-RNA complex. J Mol Biol. 1968 Jan 28;31(2):177–189. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90438-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KRAKOW J. S. RIBONUCLEIC ACID POLYMERASE OF AZOTOBACTER VINELANDII. III. EFFECT OF POLYAMINES. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1963 Aug 20;72:566–571. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kuwano M., Schlessinger D., Apirion D. Ribonuclease V of Escherichia coli. IV. Exonucleolytic cleavage in the 5' to 3' direction with production of 5'-nucleotide monophosphates. J Mol Biol. 1970 Jul 14;51(1):75–82. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90271-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Köhler K., Arends S. Particles of nuclear origin carrying rapidly labelled RNA. Eur J Biochem. 1968 Sep 24;5(4):500–506. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1968.tb00398.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LUBIN M., ENNIS H. L. ON THE ROLE OF INTRACELLULAR POTASSIUM IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 Apr 27;80:614–631. doi: 10.1016/0926-6550(64)90306-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lederman M., Zubay G. DNA directed peptide synthesis. V. The cell-free synthesis of a polypeptide with beta-galactosidase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1968 Aug 21;32(4):710–714. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(68)90297-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leive L., Kollin V. Synthesis, utilization and degradation of lactose operon mRNA in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1967 Mar 14;24(2):247–259. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90330-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lodish H. F. Species specificity of polypeptide chain initiation. Nature. 1969 Nov 29;224(5222):867–870. doi: 10.1038/224867a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lodish H. F. Specificity in bacterial protein synthesis: role of initiation factors and ribosomal subunits. Nature. 1970 May 23;226(5247):705–707. doi: 10.1038/226705a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maitra U., Barash F. DNA-dependent synthesis of RNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase: release and reinitiation of RNA chains from DNA templates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Oct;64(2):779–786. doi: 10.1073/pnas.64.2.779. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marushige K., Bonner J. Template properties of liver chromatin. J Mol Biol. 1966 Jan;15(1):160–174. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(66)80218-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maryanka D., Johnston I. R. The inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of E. coli by Showdomycin. FEBS Lett. 1970 Apr 2;7(2):125–128. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80136-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McConkey E. H., Hopkins J. W. Subribosomal particles and the transport of messenger RNA in HeLa cells. J Mol Biol. 1965 Nov;14(1):257–270. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80245-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mertelsmann R. Purification and some properties of a soluble DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from nuclei of human placenta. Eur J Biochem. 1969 Jun;9(3):311–318. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1969.tb00610.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morris D. W., Kjeldgaard N. O. Evidence for the non-co-ordinate regulation of ribonucleic acid synthesis in stringent strains of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1968 Jan 14;31(1):145–148. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90064-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NYGAARD A. P., HALL B. D. A method for the detection of RNA-DNA complexes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1963 Jul 18;12:98–104. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(63)90242-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nair K. G., Arnstein H. R. Further observations on the polynucleotide-induced stimulation of protein synthesis by cell-free preparations from rabbit reticulocytes. Biochem J. 1965 Nov;97(2):595–606. doi: 10.1042/bj0970595. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Naora H., Kodaira K. Interaction of informational macromolecules with ribosomes. II. Binding of tissue-specific RNA's by ribosomes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970 May 21;209(1):196–206. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- OCHOA S., BURMA D. P., KROGER H., WEILL J. D. Deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent incorporation of nucleotides from nucleoside triphosphates into ribonucleic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1961 May 15;47:670–679. doi: 10.1073/pnas.47.5.670. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PALM P., DOERFLER W., TRAUB P., ZILLIG W. INHIBITION OF THE FORMATION IN VITRO OF POLYSOMES BY SUPERNATANT FACTORS FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 Nov 15;91:522–524. doi: 10.1016/0926-6550(64)90082-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Paul J., Gilmour R. S. Organ-specific restriction of transcription in mammalian chromatin. J Mol Biol. 1968 Jul 14;34(2):305–316. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90255-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Perry R. P., Kelley D. E. Messenger RNA-protein complexes and newly synthesized ribosomal subunits: analysis of free particles and components of polyribosomes. J Mol Biol. 1968 Jul 14;35(1):37–59. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(68)80035-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reeder R. H., Brown D. D. Transcription of the ribosomal RNA genes of an amphibian by the RNA polymerase of a bacterium. J Mol Biol. 1970 Jul 28;51(2):361–377. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90148-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Revel M., Gros F. The stimulation by ribosomes of DNA transcription: requirement for a translation factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1967 Apr 7;27(1):12–19. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(67)80032-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Revel M., Herzberg M., Becarevic A., Gros F. Role of protein factor in the functional binding of ribosomes to natural messenger RNA. J Mol Biol. 1968 Apr 14;33(1):231–249. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90291-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richardson J. P. Rates of bacteriophage T4 RNA chain growth in vitro. J Mol Biol. 1970 Apr 14;49(1):235–240. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90389-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richardson J. P. Reinitiation of RNA chain synthesis in vitro. Nature. 1970 Mar 21;225(5238):1109–1112. doi: 10.1038/2251109a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STAEHELIN T., WETTSTEIN F. O., OURA H., NOLL H. DETERMINATION OF THE CODING RATIO BASED ON MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC ACID ASSOCIATED WITH ERGOSOMES OF DIFFERENT AGGREGATE SIZE. Nature. 1964 Jan 18;201:264–270. doi: 10.1038/201264a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STEVENS A., HENRY J. STUDIES ON THE RIBONUCLEIC ACID POLYMERASE FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI. I. PURIFICATION OF THE ENZYME AND STUDIES OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID FORMATION. J Biol Chem. 1964 Jan;239:196–203. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Samarina O. P., Lukanidin E. M., Molnar J., Georgiev G. P. Structural organization of nuclear complexes containing DNA-like RNA. J Mol Biol. 1968 Apr 14;33(1):251–263. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90292-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schweiger M., Gold L. M. Bacteriophage T4 DNA-dependent in vitro synthesis of lysozyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Aug;63(4):1351–1358. doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.4.1351. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shin D. H., Moldave K. Effect of ribosomes on the biosynthesis of ribonucleic acid in vitro. J Mol Biol. 1966 Nov 14;21(2):231–245. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(66)90094-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith K. D., Church R. B., McCarthy B. J. Template specificity of isolated chromatin. Biochemistry. 1969 Nov;8(11):4271–4277. doi: 10.1021/bi00839a007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- So A. G., Davie E. W., Epstein R., Tissières A. Effects of cations on DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 Oct;58(4):1739–1746. doi: 10.1073/pnas.58.4.1739. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Steitz J. A., Dube S. K., Rudland P. S. Control of translation of T4 phage: altered ribosome binding at R17 initiation sites. Nature. 1970 May 30;226(5248):824–827. doi: 10.1038/226824a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tata J. R. The formation and distribution of ribosomes during hormone-induced growth and development. Biochem J. 1967 Jul;104(1):1–16. doi: 10.1042/bj1040001. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WARNER J. R., KNOPF P. M., RICH A. A multiple ribosomal structure in protein synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1963 Jan 15;49:122–129. doi: 10.1073/pnas.49.1.122. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WOOD W. B., BERG P. The effect of enzymatically synthesized ribonucleic acid on amino acid incorporation by a soluble protein-ribosome system from Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Jan 15;48:94–104. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.1.94. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Walter G., Zillig W., Palm P., Fuchs E. Initiation of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis and the effect of heparin on RNA polymerase. Eur J Biochem. 1967 Dec;3(2):194–201. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1967.tb19515.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wehrli W., Nüesch J., Knüsel F., Staehelin M. Action of rifamycins on RNA polymerase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1968 Mar 18;157(1):215–217. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(68)90285-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zubay G., Lederman M. DNA-directed peptide synthesis. VI. Regulating the expression of the lac operon in a cell-free system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Feb;62(2):550–557. doi: 10.1073/pnas.62.2.550. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
