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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1971 May;68(5):894–896. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.5.894

Differentiable Pseudo-Free Circle Actions

Deane Montgomery *, C T Yang
PMCID: PMC389074  PMID: 16591917

Abstract

The circle group G is said to act pseudofreely if it is not free and if every orbit is one-dimensional and if the isotropy group is the identity except on isolated exceptional orbits where the isotropy group is the finite cyclic group Zk, k > 1. We consider differentiable actions of this kind on homotopy seven spheres and classify all such actions. As a corollary, it follows that there can be any finite number of exceptional orbits, in contrast to the linear case where there can be at most four.

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