Table 4.
Additional baseline characteristics of study populations in analysis of long term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of acute coronary events. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| FINRISK | SNAC-K | SALT | 60 year olds | SDPP | DCH | HNR | KORA | EPIC Turin | SIDRIA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turin | Rome | ||||||||||
| Area level socioeconomic indicators*: | |||||||||||
| 1 (lowest) | — | 1429 (53) | 1692 (28) | 898 (24) | 3024 (39) | — | — | — | 963 (13) | 1114 (22) | 2332 (25) |
| 2 | — | 1252 (47) | 2643 (43) | 924 (25) | 1164 (15) | — | — | — | 1404 (19) | 1114 (22) | 1802 (20) |
| 3 | — | 3 (0) | 242 (4) | 938 (25) | 2016 (26) | — | — | — | 1342 (19) | 944 (18) | 1675 (18) |
| 4 | — | — | 1507 (25) | 926 (25) | 1519 (20) | — | — | — | 1662 (23) | 1070 (21) | 1684 (18) |
| 5 (highest) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1859 (26) | 895 (17) | 1707 (19) |
| Mean (SD) | 22 946 (5458) | 1.9 (0.4) | 12.6 (3.1) | 28.1 (18.4) | |||||||
| Mean (SD) BMI | 26.3 (4.6) | 25.6 (4.1) | 28.5 (4.1) | 26.8 (4.2) | 25.7 (4.0) | 26.0 (4.1) | 27.8 (4.6) | 27.1 (4.6) | 25.3 (3.8) | — | — |
| BMI in classes: | |||||||||||
| <25 | 4329 (43) | 1209 (48) | 1055 (18) | 1349 (37) | 3741 (49) | 15 998 (45) | 1201 (27) | 2824 (34) | 3691 (51) | — | — |
| 25-29 | 3852 (39) | 1004 (40) | 3131 (52) | 1633 (44) | 2995 (39) | 14 642 (41) | 2025 (46) | 3551 (43) | 2779 (38) | — | — |
| >29 | 1811 (18) | 302 (12) | 1805 (30) | 704 (19) | 964 (13) | 5026 (14) | 1189 (27) | 1852 (23) | 761 (11) | — | — |
| Physical activity (hours/week): | |||||||||||
| <1 | 1808 (18) | 464 (20) | 1575 (26) | 2510 (69) | 846 (11) | 15 984 (45) | 2263 (51) | 3107 (37) | 1660 (23) | — | — |
| ~1 | 3322 (33) | 686 (30) | 3757 (62) | 858 (24) | 6273 (81) | 19 709 (55) | 490 (11) | 3515 (42) | 2032 (28) | — | — |
| >2 | 4839 (49) | 1115 (49) | 716 (12) | 279 (8) | 597 (8) | — | 1667 (38) | 1666 (20) | 3538 (49) | — | — |
| Alcohol consumption (drinks/week): | |||||||||||
| Never | 1320 (13) | 519 (19) | — | 168 (5) | 594 (8) | 776 (2) | 1015 (23) | 3867 (47) | 457 (6) | — | — |
| 1-3 | 4566 (46) | 634 (24) | — | 771 (21) | 2876 (38) | 34 142 (98)† | 1190 (27) | 1212 (15) | 201 (3) | — | — |
| 3-6 | 3139 (32) | 1236 (46) | — | 1622 (44) | 3873 (51) | — | 2127 (49) | 549 (7) | 347 (5) | — | — |
| >6 | 824 (8) | 288 (11) | — | 1123 (30) | 280 (4) | — | 2662 (32) | 6225 (86) | — | — | |
| Diabetes mellitus: | |||||||||||
| No | 9546 (96) | 2464 (92) | 5833 (96) | 3533 (96) | 7597 (98) | 34 943 (98) | 3877 (87) | 7940 (96) | 7118 (98) | 5111 (99) | 9179 (100) |
| Yes | 426 (4) | 220 (8) | 251 (4) | 153 (4) | 126 (2) | 703 (2) | 556 (13) | 360 (4) | 110 (2) | 26 (1) | 21 (0) |
| Hypertension: | |||||||||||
| No | 5877 (59) | 902 (34) | 4735 (78) | 1770 (48) | 5801 (76) | 30 033 (84) | 2002 (45) | 5098 (62) | 3629 (53) | 5082 (99) | 9124 (99) |
| Yes | 4042 (41) | 1762 (66) | 1347 (22) | 1915 (52) | 1837 (24) | 5625 (16) | 2423 (55) | 3190 (38) | 3255 (47) | 55 (1) | 76 (1) |
| Mean (SD) serum cholesterol | 211 (78) | — | — | 231 (41) | — | — | 231 (39) | 229 (44) | — | — | — |
| Noise exposure at baseline address (dB): | |||||||||||
| <45 | 123 (5) | 84 (6) | — | 126 (0) | 721 (17) | 466 (6) | 44 (1) | 62 (1) | — | ||
| 45-49 | 1912 (23)‡ | 319 (12) | 200 (8) | 110 (7) | — | 1838 (5) | 989 (23) | 1345 (16) | 115 (2) | 121 (2) | — |
| 50-54 | 2040 (24) | 799 (30) | 524 (21) | 292 (20) | — | 9634 (27) | 853 (20) | 2946 (36) | 87 (2) | 103 (2) | — |
| 55-59 | 1721 (21) | 692 (26) | 550 (23) | 304 (21) | — | 9560 (27) | 565 (13) | 1873 (23) | 253 (5) | 186 (4) | — |
| 60-64 | 1181 (14) | 627 (24) | 435 (18) | 291 (20) | — | 7625 (21) | 482 (11) | 987 (12) | 2419 (43) | 2237 (44) | — |
| 65-69 | 784 (9) | 230 (9) | 332 (14) | 225 (15) | — | 4600 (13) | 462 (11) | 478 (6) | 1254 (22) | 1133 (22) | — |
| 70-74 | 714 (9)‡ | 0 | 237 (10) | 143 (10) | — | 2010 (6) | 194 (5) | 199 (2) | 1369 (24) | 1126 (22) | — |
| >74 | — | — | 43 (2) | 30 (2) | — | 294 (1) | 40 (1) | 3 (0) | 136 (2) | 156 (3) | — |
| Living in areas of low urbanisation: | |||||||||||
| No | 9086 (91) | 2684 (100) | 2763 (45) | 1450 (39) | 0 (0) | 14 155 (40) | 4433 (100) | 3557 (43) | 7230 (100) | 5137 (100) | 9200 (100) |
| Yes | 909 (9) | 0 (0) | 3321 (55) | 2236 (61) | 7723 (100) | 21 538 (60) | 0 (0) | 4744 (57) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
*FINRISK: median income rate in 3 km area; SNAC-K: mean income in thirds at small neighbourhood level (Small Area for Market Statistics); SALT and SDPP: mean income in four categories at municipality level; 60 years: mean income in quarters at small neighbourhood level (Small Area for Market Statistics); DCH: mean income at municipality level (16 units with median population of 1500 inhabitants), per/100 000; HNR: unemployment rate at neighbourhood level; KORA: percentage of low income in 5 km grid; EPIC-Turin, SIDRIA-Turin, and SIDRIA-Rome: deprivation index, census block level (average 500 inhabitants).
†Any category of drinking.
‡First and last two classes are collapsed.