Table 1.
Neurotransmitters involved in the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease
| Receptor | Location | Stage of disease |
|---|---|---|
| Adenosine A2A | Striatum, GPe | Preclinical to advanced |
| Cannabinoid | Striatum, GPe | Preclinical to advanced |
| Dopamine D1 | Striatum, substantia nigra | Clinical diagnosis to advanced |
| Dopamine D2 | Caudate, putamen | Prodromal |
| Dynorphin | Striatum | Emergence of dystonia |
| Enkephalin | Striatum | Emergence of chorea |
| GABA | Striatum | Advanced |
| Glutamate | Cortical | Preclinical to advanced |
| Substance P | Striatum | Emergence of dystonia |
GPe = globus pallidus externa; GABA = γ-aminobutyric acid.