Full text
PDF![6221](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f7af/39001/8170ce65b33b/pnas01517-0017.png)
![6222](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f7af/39001/d076c09335cf/pnas01517-0018.png)
![6223](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f7af/39001/3a7ded3ba993/pnas01517-0019.png)
![6224](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f7af/39001/249278434592/pnas01517-0020.png)
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bacon C. M., Petricoin E. F., 3rd, Ortaldo J. R., Rees R. C., Larner A. C., Johnston J. A., O'Shea J. J. Interleukin 12 induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of STAT4 in human lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 1;92(16):7307–7311. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7307. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boulton T. G., Zhong Z., Wen Z., Darnell J. E., Jr, Stahl N., Yancopoulos G. D. STAT3 activation by cytokines utilizing gp130 and related transducers involves a secondary modification requiring an H7-sensitive kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jul 18;92(15):6915–6919. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.15.6915. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Campfield L. A., Smith F. J., Guisez Y., Devos R., Burn P. Recombinant mouse OB protein: evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks. Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):546–549. doi: 10.1126/science.7624778. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen H., Charlat O., Tartaglia L. A., Woolf E. A., Weng X., Ellis S. J., Lakey N. D., Culpepper J., Moore K. J., Breitbart R. E. Evidence that the diabetes gene encodes the leptin receptor: identification of a mutation in the leptin receptor gene in db/db mice. Cell. 1996 Feb 9;84(3):491–495. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81294-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Coleman D. L. Obese and diabetes: two mutant genes causing diabetes-obesity syndromes in mice. Diabetologia. 1978 Mar;14(3):141–148. doi: 10.1007/BF00429772. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Darnell J. E., Jr, Kerr I. M., Stark G. R. Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins. Science. 1994 Jun 3;264(5164):1415–1421. doi: 10.1126/science.8197455. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Durbin J. E., Hackenmiller R., Simon M. C., Levy D. E. Targeted disruption of the mouse Stat1 gene results in compromised innate immunity to viral disease. Cell. 1996 Feb 9;84(3):443–450. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81289-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ghilardi N., Ziegler S., Wiestner A., Stoffel R., Heim M. H., Skoda R. C. Defective STAT signaling by the leptin receptor in diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jun 25;93(13):6231–6235. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6231. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Greenlund A. C., Farrar M. A., Viviano B. L., Schreiber R. D. Ligand-induced IFN gamma receptor tyrosine phosphorylation couples the receptor to its signal transduction system (p91). EMBO J. 1994 Apr 1;13(7):1591–1600. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06422.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gronowski A. M., Zhong Z., Wen Z., Thomas M. J., Darnell J. E., Jr, Rotwein P. In vivo growth hormone treatment rapidly stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Stat3. Mol Endocrinol. 1995 Feb;9(2):171–177. doi: 10.1210/mend.9.2.7776967. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grosschedl R. Higher-order nucleoprotein complexes in transcription: analogies with site-specific recombination. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1995 Jun;7(3):362–370. doi: 10.1016/0955-0674(95)80091-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Halaas J. L., Gajiwala K. S., Maffei M., Cohen S. L., Chait B. T., Rabinowitz D., Lallone R. L., Burley S. K., Friedman J. M. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):543–546. doi: 10.1126/science.7624777. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heim M. H., Kerr I. M., Stark G. R., Darnell J. E., Jr Contribution of STAT SH2 groups to specific interferon signaling by the Jak-STAT pathway. Science. 1995 Mar 3;267(5202):1347–1349. doi: 10.1126/science.7871432. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Herschman H. R. Primary response genes induced by growth factors and tumor promoters. Annu Rev Biochem. 1991;60:281–319. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.60.070191.001433. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horvath C. M., Darnell J. E., Jr The antiviral state induced by alpha interferon and gamma interferon requires transcriptionally active Stat1 protein. J Virol. 1996 Jan;70(1):647–650. doi: 10.1128/jvi.70.1.647-650.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hou J., Schindler U., Henzel W. J., Ho T. C., Brasseur M., McKnight S. L. An interleukin-4-induced transcription factor: IL-4 Stat. Science. 1994 Sep 16;265(5179):1701–1706. doi: 10.1126/science.8085155. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ihle J. N. Cytokine receptor signalling. Nature. 1995 Oct 19;377(6550):591–594. doi: 10.1038/377591a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jacobson N. G., Szabo S. J., Weber-Nordt R. M., Zhong Z., Schreiber R. D., Darnell J. E., Jr, Murphy K. M. Interleukin 12 signaling in T helper type 1 (Th1) cells involves tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 and Stat4. J Exp Med. 1995 May 1;181(5):1755–1762. doi: 10.1084/jem.181.5.1755. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaplan M. H., Schindler U., Smiley S. T., Grusby M. J. Stat6 is required for mediating responses to IL-4 and for development of Th2 cells. Immunity. 1996 Mar;4(3):313–319. doi: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80439-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klingmüller U., Lorenz U., Cantley L. C., Neel B. G., Lodish H. F. Specific recruitment of SH-PTP1 to the erythropoietin receptor causes inactivation of JAK2 and termination of proliferative signals. Cell. 1995 Mar 10;80(5):729–738. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90351-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lee G. H., Proenca R., Montez J. M., Carroll K. M., Darvishzadeh J. G., Lee J. I., Friedman J. M. Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice. Nature. 1996 Feb 15;379(6566):632–635. doi: 10.1038/379632a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leung S., Qureshi S. A., Kerr I. M., Darnell J. E., Jr, Stark G. R. Role of STAT2 in the alpha interferon signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Mar;15(3):1312–1317. doi: 10.1128/mcb.15.3.1312. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meraz M. A., White J. M., Sheehan K. C., Bach E. A., Rodig S. J., Dighe A. S., Kaplan D. H., Riley J. K., Greenlund A. C., Campbell D. Targeted disruption of the Stat1 gene in mice reveals unexpected physiologic specificity in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Cell. 1996 Feb 9;84(3):431–442. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81288-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Müller M., Laxton C., Briscoe J., Schindler C., Improta T., Darnell J. E., Jr, Stark G. R., Kerr I. M. Complementation of a mutant cell line: central role of the 91 kDa polypeptide of ISGF3 in the interferon-alpha and -gamma signal transduction pathways. EMBO J. 1993 Nov;12(11):4221–4228. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06106.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pelleymounter M. A., Cullen M. J., Baker M. B., Hecht R., Winters D., Boone T., Collins F. Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):540–543. doi: 10.1126/science.7624776. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robertson L. M., Kerppola T. K., Vendrell M., Luk D., Smeyne R. J., Bocchiaro C., Morgan J. I., Curran T. Regulation of c-fos expression in transgenic mice requires multiple interdependent transcription control elements. Neuron. 1995 Feb;14(2):241–252. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90282-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sadowski H. B., Shuai K., Darnell J. E., Jr, Gilman M. Z. A common nuclear signal transduction pathway activated by growth factor and cytokine receptors. Science. 1993 Sep 24;261(5129):1739–1744. doi: 10.1126/science.8397445. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schindler C., Darnell J. E., Jr Transcriptional responses to polypeptide ligands: the JAK-STAT pathway. Annu Rev Biochem. 1995;64:621–651. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.003201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shimoda K., van Deursen J., Sangster M. Y., Sarawar S. R., Carson R. T., Tripp R. A., Chu C., Quelle F. W., Nosaka T., Vignali D. A. Lack of IL-4-induced Th2 response and IgE class switching in mice with disrupted Stat6 gene. Nature. 1996 Apr 18;380(6575):630–633. doi: 10.1038/380630a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shultz L. D., Schweitzer P. A., Rajan T. V., Yi T., Ihle J. N., Matthews R. J., Thomas M. L., Beier D. R. Mutations at the murine motheaten locus are within the hematopoietic cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase (Hcph) gene. Cell. 1993 Jul 2;73(7):1445–1454. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90369-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stahl N., Farruggella T. J., Boulton T. G., Zhong Z., Darnell J. E., Jr, Yancopoulos G. D. Choice of STATs and other substrates specified by modular tyrosine-based motifs in cytokine receptors. Science. 1995 Mar 3;267(5202):1349–1353. doi: 10.1126/science.7871433. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stahl N., Yancopoulos G. D. The alphas, betas, and kinases of cytokine receptor complexes. Cell. 1993 Aug 27;74(4):587–590. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90506-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Takeda K., Tanaka T., Shi W., Matsumoto M., Minami M., Kashiwamura S., Nakanishi K., Yoshida N., Kishimoto T., Akira S. Essential role of Stat6 in IL-4 signalling. Nature. 1996 Apr 18;380(6575):627–630. doi: 10.1038/380627a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tartaglia L. A., Dembski M., Weng X., Deng N., Culpepper J., Devos R., Richards G. J., Campfield L. A., Clark F. T., Deeds J. Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R. Cell. 1995 Dec 29;83(7):1263–1271. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90151-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thanos D., Maniatis T. Virus induction of human IFN beta gene expression requires the assembly of an enhanceosome. Cell. 1995 Dec 29;83(7):1091–1100. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90136-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tsui H. W., Siminovitch K. A., de Souza L., Tsui F. W. Motheaten and viable motheaten mice have mutations in the haematopoietic cell phosphatase gene. Nat Genet. 1993 Jun;4(2):124–129. doi: 10.1038/ng0693-124. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wassarman D. A., Therrien M., Rubin G. M. The Ras signaling pathway in Drosophila. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1995 Feb;5(1):44–50. doi: 10.1016/s0959-437x(95)90052-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wen Z., Zhong Z., Darnell J. E., Jr Maximal activation of transcription by Stat1 and Stat3 requires both tyrosine and serine phosphorylation. Cell. 1995 Jul 28;82(2):241–250. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90311-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhang X., Blenis J., Li H. C., Schindler C., Chen-Kiang S. Requirement of serine phosphorylation for formation of STAT-promoter complexes. Science. 1995 Mar 31;267(5206):1990–1994. doi: 10.1126/science.7701321. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhang Y., Proenca R., Maffei M., Barone M., Leopold L., Friedman J. M. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature. 1994 Dec 1;372(6505):425–432. doi: 10.1038/372425a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhong Z., Wen Z., Darnell J. E., Jr Stat3: a STAT family member activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to epidermal growth factor and interleukin-6. Science. 1994 Apr 1;264(5155):95–98. doi: 10.1126/science.8140422. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zipursky S. L., Rubin G. M. Determination of neuronal cell fate: lessons from the R7 neuron of Drosophila. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1994;17:373–397. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.17.030194.002105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]