Table 1.
Plasma protein-level changes following liver injury. Using label-free antibody array (SPRI), Western blot (WB), and iTRAQ (MS) methods, 23 protein level changes were observed in mouse plasma. Three proteins are conventional liver function biomarkers and 20 are potentially novel biomarkers. SPRI and MS results are given as log2 ratios and WB results are given qualitatively. Increased (↑), decreased (↓) and unchanged (↔) measurements are indicated by arrow directions. A dash (-) indicates a protein that was not targeted by that technology.
| SPRI | MS | WB | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symbol | Protein name | Cellular localization | log ratio | P | log ratio | P | Change |
| AGXT | Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase | Peroxisome | - | - | - | - | ↑ |
| ALDH1L1 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L1 | Cytoplasm | - | - | - | - | ↑ |
| ALDOB | Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B | Cytoplasm | 0.96 | 0.010* | 1.93 | 0.076 | ↑ |
| ASGR1 | Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 | Membrane | 2.22 | 0.004* | -0.23 | 0.354 | ↑ |
| ASGR2 | Asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 | Membrane | 2.29 | 0.002* | 1.88 | 0.084 | ↑ |
| ASL | Argininosuccinate lyase | Cytoplasm | nd | nd | 1.92 | 0.077 | ↑ |
| BHMT | Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 | Cytoplasm | - | - | 3.07 | 0.004* | ↑ |
| CPS1 | Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 | Mitochondrion | 0.19 | 0.044* | -1.77 | 0.040* | ↑ |
| DPYS | Dihydropyrimidinase | Cytoplasm | 1.14 | 0.002* | 0.97 | 0.292 | ↑ |
| FAH | Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase | Cytoplasm | nd | nd | 1.96 | 0.072 | ↑ |
| FBP1 | Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 | Cytoplasm | - | - | 1.82 | 0.093 | ↑ |
| GNMT | Glycine N-methyltransferase | Cytoplasm | 1.10 | 0.026* | 1.12 | 0.253 | ↑ |
| HMGCS2 | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2 | Mitochondrion | 2.67 | 0.004* | - | - | ↑ |
| HPD | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase | Cytoplasm | - | - | 2.37 | 0.028* | ↑ |
| MAT1A | Methionine adenosyltransferase 1 | Cytoplasm | - | - | - | - | ↑ |
| MB-COMT | Catechol-O-methyltransferase | Membrane | - | - | - | - | ↑ |
| CP | Ceruloplasmin | Secretory | -2.74 | 0.130 | -1.28 | 0.175 | ↓ |
| PLG | Plasminogen | Secretory | -0.93 | 0.015* | -1.04 | 0.157 | ↓ |
| RBP4 | Retinol-binding protein 4 | Secretory | -0.54 | 0.045* | - | - | ↓ |
| TF | Transferrin | Secretory | -0.28 | 0.042* | -1.20 | 0.123 | ↓ |
| ALB | Albumin | Secretory | 0.31 | 0.780 | - | - | ↔ |
| ALT (GPT1)† | Alanine transaminase | Cytoplasm | nd | nd | 1.56 | 0.145 | ↑ |
| AST (GOT1)† | Aspartate transaminase | Mitochondrion | nd | nd | - | - | ↑ |
| GLUD1† | Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 | Mitochondrion | - | - | - | - | ↑ |
*Significant at P<0.05. †Conventional liver function biomarkers. nd: not detected.