Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1985 Sep;82(17):5944–5948. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.17.5944

A third viral nuclear protein in lymphoblasts immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus.

K Hennessy, S Fennewald, E Kieff
PMCID: PMC390670  PMID: 2994055

Abstract

Most sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis as well as some sera from normal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected people detect a 140-kDa protein on immunoblots of EBV-infected lymphoblasts. The 140-kDa protein is a nuclear protein characteristic of latent EBV infection. Sera reactive with this protein identify a distinctive globular nuclear antigen. Although the 140-kDa protein is encoded by EBV, it is not encoded by genes that encode the two previously described EBV nuclear antigens (EBNA) or the latent-infection membrane protein. The 140-kDa protein is therefore designated EBNA3. The EBV genes, including the gene encoding EBNA3, that are characteristically expressed in latent infection are likely to play a role in the maintenance of persistent latent viral infection or in the cell proliferation caused by virus infection.

Full text

PDF
5944

Images in this article

5945Image
on p.5945
5945Image
on p.5945
5945Image
on p.5945
5946Image
on p.5946
5946Image
on p.5946
5947Image
on p.5947
5947Image
on p.5947
5947Image
on p.5947
5947Image
on p.5947
5947Image
on p.5947
5947Image
on p.5947
5947Image
on p.5947
5947Image
on p.5947
5948Image
on p.5948

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baer R., Bankier A. T., Biggin M. D., Deininger P. L., Farrell P. J., Gibson T. J., Hatfull G., Hudson G. S., Satchwell S. C., Séguin C. DNA sequence and expression of the B95-8 Epstein-Barr virus genome. Nature. 1984 Jul 19;310(5974):207–211. doi: 10.1038/310207a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Burnette W. N. "Western blotting": electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A. Anal Biochem. 1981 Apr;112(2):195–203. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90281-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dambaugh T., Beisel C., Hummel M., King W., Fennewald S., Cheung A., Heller M., Raab-Traub N., Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus (B95-8) DNA VII: molecular cloning and detailed mapping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 May;77(5):2999–3003. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.5.2999. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dambaugh T., Hennessy K., Chamnankit L., Kieff E. U2 region of Epstein-Barr virus DNA may encode Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(23):7632–7636. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.23.7632. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Depper J. M., Bluestein H. G., Zvaifler N. J. Impaired regulation of Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphocyte proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis is due to a T cell defect. J Immunol. 1981 Nov;127(5):1899–1902. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dillner J., Sternås L., Kallin B., Alexander H., Ehlin-Henriksson B., Jörnvall H., Klein G., Lerner R. Antibodies against a synthetic peptide identify the Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Aug;81(15):4652–4656. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.15.4652. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dolyniuk M., Wolff E., Kieff E. Proteins of Epstein-Barr Virus. II. Electrophoretic analysis of the polypeptides of the nucleocapsid and the glucosamine- and polysaccharide-containing components of enveloped virus. J Virol. 1976 Apr;18(1):289–297. doi: 10.1128/jvi.18.1.289-297.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fennewald S., van Santen V., Kieff E. Nucleotide sequence of an mRNA transcribed in latent growth-transforming virus infection indicates that it may encode a membrane protein. J Virol. 1984 Aug;51(2):411–419. doi: 10.1128/jvi.51.2.411-419.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Grogan E. A., Summers W. P., Dowling S., Shedd D., Gradoville L., Miller G. Two Epstein-Barr viral nuclear neoantigens distinguished by gene transfer, serology, and chromosome binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Dec;80(24):7650–7653. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.24.7650. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Heller M., van Santen V., Kieff E. Simple repeat sequence in Epstein-Barr virus DNA is transcribed in latent and productive infections. J Virol. 1982 Oct;44(1):311–320. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.1.311-320.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Henle W., Diehl V., Kohn G., Zur Hausen H., Henle G. Herpes-type virus and chromosome marker in normal leukocytes after growth with irradiated Burkitt cells. Science. 1967 Sep 1;157(3792):1064–1065. doi: 10.1126/science.157.3792.1064. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hennessy K., Fennewald S., Hummel M., Cole T., Kieff E. A membrane protein encoded by Epstein-Barr virus in latent growth-transforming infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):7207–7211. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.7207. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hennessy K., Heller M., van Santen V., Kieff E. Simple repeat array in Epstein-Barr virus DNA encodes part of the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen. Science. 1983 Jun 24;220(4604):1396–1398. doi: 10.1126/science.6304878. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hennessy K., Kieff E. A second nuclear protein is encoded by Epstein-Barr virus in latent infection. Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1238–1240. doi: 10.1126/science.2983420. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hennessy K., Kieff E. One of two Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens contains a glycine-alanine copolymer domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Sep;80(18):5665–5669. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.18.5665. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hummel M., Kieff E. Mapping of polypeptides encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus genome in productive infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Sep;79(18):5698–5702. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.18.5698. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kawai Y., Nonoyama M., Pagano J. S. Reassociation kinetics for Epstein-Barr virus DNA: nonhomology to mammalian DNA and homology of viral DNA in various diseases. J Virol. 1973 Nov;12(5):1006–1012. doi: 10.1128/jvi.12.5.1006-1012.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kieff E., Levine J. Homology between Burkitt herpes viral DNA and DNA in continuous lymphoblastoid cells from patients with infectious mononucleosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Feb;71(2):355–358. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.2.355. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. King W., Thomas-Powell A. L., Raab-Traub N., Hawke M., Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus RNA. V. Viral RNA in a restringently infected, growth-transformed cell line. J Virol. 1980 Nov;36(2):506–518. doi: 10.1128/jvi.36.2.506-518.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. King W., Van Santen V., Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus RNA. VI. Viral RNA in restringently and abortively infected Raji cells. J Virol. 1981 May;38(2):649–660. doi: 10.1128/jvi.38.2.649-660.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Klein G., Dombos L. Relationship between the sensitivity of EBV-carrying lymphoblastoid lines to superinfection and the inducibility of the resident viral genome. Int J Cancer. 1973 Mar 15;11(2):327–337. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910110210. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Lerner M. R., Andrews N. C., Miller G., Steitz J. A. Two small RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus and complexed with protein are precipitated by antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Feb;78(2):805–809. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.2.805. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Lindahl T., Adams A., Bjursell G., Bornkamm G. W., Kaschka-Dierich C., Jehn U. Covalently closed circular duplex DNA of Epstein-Barr virus in a human lymphoid cell line. J Mol Biol. 1976 Apr 15;102(3):511–530. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90331-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Luka J., Kreofsky T., Pearson G. R., Hennessy K., Kieff E. Identification and characterization of a cellular protein that cross-reacts with the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen. J Virol. 1984 Dec;52(3):833–838. doi: 10.1128/jvi.52.3.833-838.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Matsuo T., Heller M., Petti L., O'Shiro E., Kieff E. Persistence of the entire Epstein-Barr virus genome integrated into human lymphocyte DNA. Science. 1984 Dec 14;226(4680):1322–1325. doi: 10.1126/science.6095452. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Melton D. A., Krieg P. A., Rebagliati M. R., Maniatis T., Zinn K., Green M. R. Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Sep 25;12(18):7035–7056. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.18.7035. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Orellana T., Kieff E. Epstein-barr virus-specific RNA. II. Analysis of polyadenylated viral RNA in restringent, abortive, and prooductive infections. J Virol. 1977 May;22(2):321–330. doi: 10.1128/jvi.22.2.321-330.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Orellana T., Kieff E. Epstein-barr virus-specific RNA. II. Analysis of polyadenylated viral RNA in restringent, abortive, and prooductive infections. J Virol. 1977 May;22(2):321–330. doi: 10.1128/jvi.22.2.321-330.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Powell A. L., King W., Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus-specific RNA. III. Mapping of DNA encoding viral RNA in restringent infection. J Virol. 1979 Jan;29(1):261–274. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.1.261-274.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Reedman B. M., Klein G. Cellular localization of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated complement-fixing antigen in producer and non-producer lymphoblastoid cell lines. Int J Cancer. 1973 May;11(3):499–520. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910110302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Sculley T. B., Walker P. J., Moss D. J., Pope J. H. Identification of multiple Epstein-Barr virus-induced nuclear antigens with sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Virol. 1984 Oct;52(1):88–93. doi: 10.1128/jvi.52.1.88-93.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Strnad B. C., Schuster T. C., Hopkins R. F., 3rd, Neubauer R. H., Rabin H. Identification of an Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen by fluoroimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoelectrophoresis. J Virol. 1981 Jun;38(3):996–1004. doi: 10.1128/jvi.38.3.996-1004.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Tosato G., Steinberg A. D., Yarchoan R., Heilman C. A., Pike S. E., De Seau V., Blaese R. M. Abnormally elevated frequency of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Invest. 1984 Jun;73(6):1789–1795. doi: 10.1172/JCI111388. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Zinn K., DiMaio D., Maniatis T. Identification of two distinct regulatory regions adjacent to the human beta-interferon gene. Cell. 1983 Oct;34(3):865–879. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90544-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. van Santen V., Cheung A., Hummel M., Kieff E. RNA encoded by the IR1-U2 region of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in latently infected, growth-transformed cells. J Virol. 1983 May;46(2):424–433. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.2.424-433.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. van Santen V., Cheung A., Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus RNA VII: size and direction of transcription of virus-specified cytoplasmic RNAs in a transformed cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Mar;78(3):1930–1934. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1930. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES