Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1985 Nov;82(22):7666–7670. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.22.7666

Variation among human 28S ribosomal RNA genes.

I L Gonzalez, J L Gorski, T J Campen, D J Dorney, J M Erickson, J E Sylvester, R D Schmickel
PMCID: PMC391394  PMID: 3865188

Abstract

We report the complete 5025-base sequence of the human 28S rRNA gene. Variability within the species has been demonstrated by sequencing a variable region from six separately cloned genes. This region is one of three large subunit rRNA regions that show extreme sequence and size variation among species. The interspecies differences suggest species-specific functions for these sections, while the intraspecies heterogeneity indicates differences among ribosomes. Comparison of the human gene with a partial sequence from the chimpanzee 28S gene yields divergence rates for the two species: 0.8% for conserved regions of the gene and 3.7% for a variable region. The rapid divergence rates of variable regions in the ribosomal gene may permit answers to the question of time of separation of closely related species.

Full text

PDF
7666

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Blake C. Exons--present from the beginning? Nature. 1983 Dec 8;306(5943):535–537. doi: 10.1038/306535a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bos J. L., Heyting C., Borst P., Arnberg A. C., Van Bruggen E. F. An insert in the single gene for the large ribosomal RNA in yeast mitochondrial DNA. Nature. 1978 Sep 28;275(5678):336–338. doi: 10.1038/275336a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Branlant C., Krol A., Machatt M. A., Pouyet J., Ebel J. P., Edwards K., Kössel H. Primary and secondary structures of Escherichia coli MRE 600 23S ribosomal RNA. Comparison with models of secondary structure for maize chloroplast 23S rRNA and for large portions of mouse and human 16S mitochondrial rRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Sep 11;9(17):4303–4324. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.17.4303. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chan Y. L., Olvera J., Wool I. G. The structure of rat 28S ribosomal ribonucleic acid inferred from the sequence of nucleotides in a gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Nov 25;11(22):7819–7831. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.22.7819. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Clark C. G., Tague B. W., Ware V. C., Gerbi S. A. Xenopus laevis 28S ribosomal RNA: a secondary structure model and its evolutionary and functional implications. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Aug 10;12(15):6197–6220. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.15.6197. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Efstratiadis A., Posakony J. W., Maniatis T., Lawn R. M., O'Connell C., Spritz R. A., DeRiel J. K., Forget B. G., Weissman S. M., Slightom J. L. The structure and evolution of the human beta-globin gene family. Cell. 1980 Oct;21(3):653–668. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90429-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Erickson J. M., Rushford C. L., Dorney D. J., Wilson G. N., Schmickel R. D. Structure and variation of human ribosomal DNA: molecular analysis of cloned fragments. Gene. 1981 Dec;16(1-3):1–9. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(81)90055-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hassouna N., Michot B., Bachellerie J. P. The complete nucleotide sequence of mouse 28S rRNA gene. Implications for the process of size increase of the large subunit rRNA in higher eukaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Apr 25;12(8):3563–3583. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.8.3563. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. King M. C., Wilson A. C. Evolution at two levels in humans and chimpanzees. Science. 1975 Apr 11;188(4184):107–116. doi: 10.1126/science.1090005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kruger K., Grabowski P. J., Zaug A. J., Sands J., Gottschling D. E., Cech T. R. Self-splicing RNA: autoexcision and autocyclization of the ribosomal RNA intervening sequence of Tetrahymena. Cell. 1982 Nov;31(1):147–157. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90414-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Liebhaber S. A., Begley K. A. Structural and evolutionary analysis of the two chimpanzee alpha-globin mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Dec 20;11(24):8915–8929. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.24.8915. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Liebhaber S. A., Goossens M., Kan Y. W. Homology and concerted evolution at the alpha 1 and alpha 2 loci of human alpha-globin. Nature. 1981 Mar 5;290(5801):26–29. doi: 10.1038/290026a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Long E. O., Dawid I. B. Expression of ribosomal DNA insertions in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell. 1979 Dec;18(4):1185–1196. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90231-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Noller H. F., Kop J., Wheaton V., Brosius J., Gutell R. R., Kopylov A. M., Dohme F., Herr W., Stahl D. A., Gupta R. Secondary structure model for 23S ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Nov 25;9(22):6167–6189. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.22.6167. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Otsuka T., Nomiyama H., Yoshida H., Kukita T., Kuhara S., Sakaki Y. Complete nucleotide sequence of the 26S rRNA gene of Physarum polycephalum: its significance in gene evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(11):3163–3167. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.11.3163. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Perry R. P. Processing of RNA. Annu Rev Biochem. 1976;45:605–629. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.45.070176.003133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rochaix J. D., Darlix J. L. Composite structure of the chloroplast 23 S ribosomal RNA genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Evolutionary and functional implications. J Mol Biol. 1982 Aug 15;159(3):383–395. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90290-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Seilhamer J. J., Gutell R. R., Cummings D. J. Paramecium mitochondrial genes. II. Large subunit rRNA gene sequence and microevolution. J Biol Chem. 1984 Apr 25;259(8):5173–5181. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Shermoen A. W., Kiefer B. I. Regulation in rDNA-deficient Drosophila melanogaster. Cell. 1975 Mar;4(3):275–280. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(75)90176-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sibley C. G., Ahlquist J. E. The phylogeny of the hominoid primates, as indicated by DNA-DNA hybridization. J Mol Evol. 1984;20(1):2–15. doi: 10.1007/BF02101980. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Slightom J. L., Blechl A. E., Smithies O. Human fetal G gamma- and A gamma-globin genes: complete nucleotide sequences suggest that DNA can be exchanged between these duplicated genes. Cell. 1980 Oct;21(3):627–638. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90426-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Tartof K. D. Redundant genes. Annu Rev Genet. 1975;9:355–385. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.09.120175.002035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Veldman G. M., Klootwijk J., de Regt V. C., Planta R. J., Branlant C., Krol A., Ebel J. P. The primary and secondary structure of yeast 26S rRNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Dec 21;9(24):6935–6952. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.24.6935. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Ware V. C., Tague B. W., Clark C. G., Gourse R. L., Brand R. C., Gerbi S. A. Sequence analysis of 28S ribosomal DNA from the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Nov 25;11(22):7795–7817. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.22.7795. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Wilson A. C., Carlson S. S., White T. J. Biochemical evolution. Annu Rev Biochem. 1977;46:573–639. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.46.070177.003041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES