Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1984 Dec;81(23):7451–7455. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.23.7451

Colony-stimulating factor (CSF) controls proliferation of CSF-dependent cells by acting during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

D H Pluznik, R E Cunningham, P D Noguchi
PMCID: PMC392164  PMID: 6334308

Abstract

Proliferation of granulocyte/macrophage (GM) progenitor cells in soft agar cultures is dependent on the continuous presence of colony-stimulating factors (CSF). To elucidate this dependency we studied the effect of deprivation and readdition of CSF on the cell cycle kinetics of a GM-CSF-dependent murine mast/basophil cell line (PT-18). Flow cytometry and [3H]thymidine incorporation have been used to analyze the complete cell cycle. Removal of CSF from the culture medium resulted in accumulation of the cells in the G1 phase. Eighteen hours after removal of CSF, 85% of the cells were arrested in G1 phase. Readdition of GM-CSF to such quiescent cells was followed by progression of the cells from G1 into S phase with a lag period of 10 hr. A similar lag period was observed when cells released from G2+M arrest progressed, in the presence of CSF, to S phase via the G1 phase. These findings indicate that deprivation of GM-CSF does not move PT-18 cells out of the cycle to a G0 phase but rather arrests them at early G1 phase. Finally, we demonstrate that, for the cells to progress through the cell cycle, the requirement for the presence of GM-CSF is limited to the first 6 hr of the 10-hr duration of the G1 phase.

Full text

PDF
7451

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bitterman P. B., Rennard S. I., Hunninghake G. W., Crystal R. G. Human alveolar macrophage growth factor for fibroblasts. Regulation and partial characterization. J Clin Invest. 1982 Oct;70(4):806–822. doi: 10.1172/JCI110677. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Burgess A. W., Camakaris J., Metcalf D. Purification and properties of colony-stimulating factor from mouse lung-conditioned medium. J Biol Chem. 1977 Mar 25;252(6):1998–2003. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Burgess A. W., Metcalf D. The nature and action of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors. Blood. 1980 Dec;56(6):947–958. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dean P. N., Jett J. H. Mathematical analysis of DNA distributions derived from flow microfluorometry. J Cell Biol. 1974 Feb;60(2):523–527. doi: 10.1083/jcb.60.2.523. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Epifanova O. I., Abuladze M. K., Zosimovskaya A. I. Effects of low concentrations of actinomycin D on the initiation of DNA synthesis in rapidly proliferating and stimulated cell cultures. Exp Cell Res. 1975 Apr;92(1):23–30. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(75)90632-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Martin R. G., Stein S. Resting state in normal and simian virus 40 transformed Chinese hamster lung cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 May;73(5):1655–1659. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.5.1655. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Metcalf D., Merchav S. Effects of GM-CSF deprivation on precursors of granulocytes and macrophages. J Cell Physiol. 1982 Sep;112(3):411–418. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041120315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Metcalf D. Studies on colony formation in vitro by mouse bone marrow cells. II. Action of colony stimulating factor. J Cell Physiol. 1970 Aug;76(1):89–99. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1040760113. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Paran M., Sachs L. The continued requirement for inducer for the development of macrophage and granulocyte colonies. J Cell Physiol. 1968 Dec;72(3):247–250. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1040720312. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Pedrali-Noy G., Spadari S., Miller-Faurès A., Miller A. O., Kruppa J., Koch G. Synchronization of HeLa cell cultures by inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha with aphidicolin. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jan 25;8(2):377–387. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.2.377. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Pledger W. J., Stiles C. D., Antoniades H. N., Scher C. D. An ordered sequence of events is required before BALB/c-3T3 cells become committed to DNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jun;75(6):2839–2843. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.6.2839. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Sekaly R. P., MacDonald H. R., Zaech P., Nabholz M. Cell cycle regulation of cloned cytolytic T cells by T cell growth factor: analysis by flow microfluorometry. J Immunol. 1982 Oct;129(4):1407–1414. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Sheridan J. W., Metcalf D. A low molecular weight factor in lung-conditioned medium stimulating granulocyte and monocyte colony formation in vitro. J Cell Physiol. 1973 Feb;81(1):11–23. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1040810103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Stiles C. D., Capone G. T., Scher C. D., Antoniades H. N., Van Wyk J. J., Pledger W. J. Dual control of cell growth by somatomedins and platelet-derived growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Mar;76(3):1279–1283. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.3.1279. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Vanderhoek J. Y., Tare N. S., Bailey J. M., Goldstein A. L., Pluznik D. H. New role for 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Activator of leukotriene biosynthesis in PT-18 mast/basophil cells. J Biol Chem. 1982 Oct 25;257(20):12191–12195. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Williams N., Eger R. R., Moore M. A., Mendelsohn N. Differentiation of mouse bone marrow precursor cells into neutrophil granulocytes by an activity separation from WEHI-3 cell-conditioned medium. Differentiation. 1978 Jul 24;11(1):59–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1978.tb00970.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES