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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Evolution. 2013 Sep 16;68(1):16–31. doi: 10.1111/evo.12259

Table 3.

Fitness tradeoffs across environment for lifetime fecundity of all plants. Plants that failed to set fruit were assigned fitness = 0 and then family means (LSMEANS) were calculated in SAS. Raw fitness data were used in the analysis of the Montana 2008 cohort, but fitness required log transformation for the 2009 cohort and both cohorts combined.

Montana 2008 cohort: Lifetime fitness 2009 cohort: Lifetime fitness Both cohorts combined: Lifetime fitness
Source F1,170 p-value F1,165 p-value F1,335 p-value

Environment NA NA 7.4 0.0072 12.51 0.0005
MT% 11.68 0.0008 2.63 0.11 3.31 0.07
MT% × Environment NA NA 1.27 0.26 2.04 0.15
Cohort NA NA NA NA 2.67 0.1
MT% × cohort NA NA NA NA 0.04 0.84

Random effects χ2 p-value χ2 p-value χ2 p-value

Family NA 0 1 8 0.0046