Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1978 Aug;75(8):3813–3817. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.8.3813

Lengthening of the G1 phase is not strictly correlated with differentiation in Friend erythroleukemia cells.

E A Friedman, C L Schildkraut
PMCID: PMC392877  PMID: 278993

Abstract

Friend murine erythroleukemia cells (Friend cells) undergo erythroid differentiation in vitro with an increased probability when cells are cultured in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) or other agents. Exponentially growing Friend cells, after dilution into medium containing Me2SO, underwent a transient lengthening of the G1 phase of the cell cycle before they became committed to erythroid differentiation. For nine inducing agents, a positive correlation was found between the percentage of cells that had differentiated and synthesized heme, and the percentage of progenitor cells in which a lengthened G1 phase had previously been observed. This correlation was not found, however, with two other potent inducing agents, hypoxanthine and actinomycin D. Moreover, cells that underwent a lengthened G1 phase did not always terminally differentiate. One such example was a Me2SO-resistant, variant Friend cell line (520a) grown in the presence of Me2SO. These results imply that the prolonged G1 phase, although observed with many inducers, is not a prerequisite for erythroid differentiation with all inducers.

Full text

PDF
3813

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arndt-Jovin D. J., Ostertag W., Eisen H., Klimek F., Jovin T. M. Studies of cellular differentiation by automated cell separation. Two model systems: Friend virus-transformed cells and Hydra attenuata. J Histochem Cytochem. 1976 Jan;24(1):332–347. doi: 10.1177/24.1.1254928. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Buckley P. A., Konigsberg I. R. Myogenic fusion and the duration of the post-mitotic gap (G1). Dev Biol. 1974 Mar;37(1):193–212. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(74)90179-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Ebert P. S., Ikawa Y. Induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase during erythroid differentiation of cultured leukemia cells. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1974 Jun;146(2):601–604. doi: 10.3181/00379727-146-38155. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Eisen H., Bach R., Emery R. Induction of spectrin in erythroleukemic cells transformed by Friend virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Sep;74(9):3898–3902. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.9.3898. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Friedman E. A., Schildkraut C. L. Terminal differentiation in cultured Friend erythroleukemia cells. Cell. 1977 Dec;12(4):901–913. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90154-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Friend C., Scher W., Holland J. G., Sato T. Hemoglobin synthesis in murine virus-induced leukemic cells in vitro: stimulation of erythroid differentiation by dimethyl sulfoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Feb;68(2):378–382. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.2.378. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Germinario R. J., Kleiman L., Peters S., Oliveira M. Decreased deoxy-D-glucose transport in Friend cells during exposure to inducers of erythroid differentiation. Exp Cell Res. 1977 Dec;110(2):375–385. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(77)90304-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Green H., Meuth M. An established pre-adipose cell line and its differentiation in culture. Cell. 1974 Oct;3(2):127–133. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(74)90116-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gusella J., Geller R., Clarke B., Weeks V., Housman D. Commitment to erythroid differentiation by friend erythroleukemia cells: a stochastic analysis. Cell. 1976 Oct;9(2):221–229. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90113-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Keppel F., Allet B., Eisen H. Appearance of a chromatin protein during the erythroid differentiation of Friend virus-transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):653–656. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.653. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kisch A. L., Kelley R. O., Crissman H., Paxton L. Dimethyl sulfoxide-induced reversion of several features of polyoma transformed baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21). Alterations in growth and morphology. J Cell Biol. 1973 Apr;57(1):38–53. doi: 10.1083/jcb.57.1.38. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Krishan A. Rapid flow cytofluorometric analysis of mammalian cell cycle by propidium iodide staining. J Cell Biol. 1975 Jul;66(1):188–193. doi: 10.1083/jcb.66.1.188. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Leavitt J., Barrett J. C., Crawford B. D., Ts'o P. O. Butyric acid suppression of the in vitro neoplastic state of Syrian hamster cells. Nature. 1978 Jan 19;271(5642):262–265. doi: 10.1038/271262a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Loritz F., Bernstein A., Miller R. G. Early and late volume changes during erythroid differentiation of cultured Friend leukemic cells. J Cell Physiol. 1977 Mar;90(3):423–437. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1040900306. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mager D., Bernstein A. Early transport changes during erythroid differentiation of Friend leukemic cells. J Cell Physiol. 1978 Mar;94(3):275–285. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1040940305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Rierdan J., Brooks R. Verbal conditioning of middle and lower socioeconomic class schizophrenics. J Abnorm Psychol. 1977 Aug;86(4):369–378. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.86.4.369. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Riggs M. G., Whittaker R. G., Neumann J. R., Ingram V. M. n-Butyrate causes histone modification in HeLa and Friend erythroleukaemia cells. Nature. 1977 Aug 4;268(5619):462–464. doi: 10.1038/268462a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sassa S. Sequential induction of heme pathway enzymes during erythroid differentiation of mouse Friend leukemia virus-infected cells. J Exp Med. 1976 Feb 1;143(2):305–315. doi: 10.1084/jem.143.2.305. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Scher W., Friend C. Breakage of DNA and alterations in folded genomes by inducers of differentiation in Friend erythroleukemic cells. Cancer Res. 1978 Mar;38(3):841–849. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sherton C. C., Kabat D. Changes in RNA and protein metabolism preceding onset of hemoglobin synthesis in cultured Friend leukemia cells. Dev Biol. 1976 Jan;48(1):118–131. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(76)90051-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sun T. T., Green H. Differentiation of the epidermal keratinocyte in cell culture: formation of the cornified envelope. Cell. 1976 Dec;9(4 Pt 1):511–521. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90033-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Terada M., Epner E., Nudel U., Salmon J., Fibach E., Rifkind R. A., Marks P. A. Induction of murine erythroleukemia differentiation by actinomycin D. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jun;75(6):2795–2799. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.6.2795. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Terada M., Fried J., Nudel U., Rifkind R. A., Marks P. A. Transient inhibition of initiation of S-phase associated with dimethyl sulfoxide induction of murine erythroleukemia cells to erythroid differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Jan;74(1):248–252. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.1.248. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Terada M., Nudel U., Fibach E., Rifkind R. A., Marks P. A. Changes in DNA associated with induction of erythroid differentiation by dimethyl sulfoxide in murine erythroleukemia cells. Cancer Res. 1978 Mar;38(3):835–840. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. de Laat S. W., van der Saag P. T., Shinitzky M. Microviscosity modulation during the cell cycle of neuroblastoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4458–4461. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4458. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES