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. 2014 Feb 12;4(4):445–459. doi: 10.7150/thno.7653

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© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.

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Quantitative evaluation of apoptosis by a flow cytometry assay. 0.2 mg/mL RuBpy-doped NPs were added to the cells. MH-S cells were treated with PBS (blk), control NPs (NP), RuBpy-dye (Ru) or the Rubpy-doped NPs (RuNPs) for 2 h. Then cells were subjected to 6 h irradiation or incubated in the dark as controls. Apoptosis of Annexin V-FITC-stained cells was assayed by flow cytometry. (A) Quantitative measurement of apoptosis with the above samples. (B) Scattered distribution graph of apoptotic staining of the RuBpy-NPs with or without irradiation. The data of apoptotic percentage of treated-cells vs. the control are representative of two experiments. The data are presented as means±SDEV and are representative of two experiments (one-way ANOVA (Tukey's post hoc); * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01).